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This is a post hoc analysis of quality of life in diabetic neuropathy patients in a cross-sectional survey performed in 2012 in Romania, using the Norfolk QOL-DN in which 21,756 patients with self-reported diabetes were enrolled. This current analysis aims to expand research on the diabetic foot and to provide an update on the number of foot ulcers found in Romania. Of the 21,174 patients included in this analysis, 14.85% reported a history of foot ulcers and 3.60% reported an amputation. The percentage of neuropathy patients with foot ulcers increased with age; the lowest percentage was observed in the 20–29-year age group (6.62%) and the highest in the 80–89-year age group (17.68%). The highest number of amputations was reported in the 70–79-year age group (largest group). Compared to patients without foot ulcers, those with foot ulcers had significantly higher scores for total DN and all its subdomains translating to worse QOL (p < 0.001). This analysis showed a high rate of foot ulcers and amputations in Romanian diabetic patients. It underscores the need for implementation of effective screening and educational programs.

We present a post hoc analysis of 17,530 questionnaires collected as part of the 2012 screening for neuropathy using Norfolk Quality of Life tool in patients with diabetes in Romania, to assess the impact on foot complications of time between the onset of symptoms of diabetes/its complications and the physician visit. Odds ratios (ORs) for self-reporting neuropathy increased from 1.16 (95% CI: 1.07–1.25) in those who sought medical care in 1–6 months from symptoms of diabetes/its complications onset to 2.27 in those who sought medical care >2 years after symptoms onset. The ORs for having a history of foot ulcers were 1.43 (95% CI: 1.26–1.63) in those who sought medical care in 1–6 months and increased to 3.08 (95% CI: 2.59–3.66) in those who sought medical care after >2 years from symptoms of diabetes/its complications onset. The highest ORs for a history of gangrene (2.49 [95% CI: 1.90–3.26]) and amputations (2.18 [95% CI: 1.60–2.97]) were observed in those who sought medical care after >2 years following symptoms onset. In conclusion, we showed that waiting for >1 month after symptoms onset dramatically increases the risk of diabetic foot complications. These results show the need for accessible educational programs on diabetes and its chronic complications and the need to avoid delays in reporting.

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This study defines a modification of antioxidant systems by percutaneous absorption of fluocinolone acetonide. Total antioxidant status (TAS) provides an overall indication of antioxidant status. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a primary antioxidant, accelerates the dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical produced during the oxidative energy processes into the less harmful molecules, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. We monitored the level of SOD and TAS in 7 males with psoriasis and 6 control subjects before and after a single application of fluocinolone acetonide 0.025% ointment to 90% of the body. The results showed that the plasma level of TAS was significantly increased (p < 0.02) at 24 h posttreat-ment. The erythrocytic level of SOD was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) only at 12 h after glucocorticosteroid application. The level of TAS and SOD in patients with psoriasis was also significantly increased (p < 0.01 for both situations) as compared to healthy controls. Our study suggests that fluocinolone acetonide as a therapeutic agent may play a role in the oxidative stress in skin diseases.