Background: Some issues which might be frequently discovered in patients with diabetes mellitus with slow ulcer healing. These conditions are due to prolonged treatment, high treatment costs, decreased productiveness, and less family support, all of which have an essential effect on the patient's quality of life. The objective of the study is to identify the relationship of family support with quality of life in diabetes mellitus patients with ulcers. Methods: This observational study involved 47 randomly selected patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus aged 40-80 years, with foot ulcers and have no diabetic ketoacidosis and nonketotic hyperosmolar complications. Using Hensarling’s Diabetes Family Support Scale and Diabetes Quality of Life questionnaire, data were collected. Data were analyzed using the Spearman rank test with a significance level of p <0.05. Results: The results indicated that, on average, diabetes mellitus patients with ulcers had adequate family support, particularly in terms of informational assistance, as well as excellent lifestyles. This study found that family support is related to the quality of life (p = 0.048). Conclusion: Excellent family support will enhance self-care management compliance in order that the quality of life of diabetes mellitus patients will improve. Assistance and empowerment of the role of the family in being concerned for Diabetes mellitus patients can maximize family support for patients.
This study sought to examine the relationship between principals' democratic leadership style and students' conformity to regulations in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Social Control theory by Hirschi (1969). The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population was 338 principals, 338 deputy principals, 3426 teachers and 116,374 students in 338 public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. 100 schools were selected using stratified random sampling. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 Principals, while proportionate and simple random sampling was used to select 346 teachers and 383 students. Ten per cent of the Deputy Principals were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data form Principals, teachers, and students, while interviews were used to collect data from Deputy Principals. Test-retest reliability revealed a coefficient of 0.70, indicating that the instruments were reliable. The findings revealed a statistically significant between principals use of democratic leadership style and students’ conformity to school rules (r=0.334; p< 0.05. It was concluded that the democratic leadership style, when used by principals in public secondary schools in Nakuru County, Kenya, enhances students' conformity to school rules. The findings will help school principals to fully embrace democratic leadership style to enhance students’ conformity to school rules. The study also recommends that the administration develops a process for handling students’ non-conformity issues in a calm, consistent and supportive manner. The study also recommends, principals should involve all stakeholders, for instance, teachers, students and parents in developing school rules and policies that affect students.
This study sought to determine the relationship between principals’ transactional leadership style and students' conformity to rules in Public Secondary Schools in Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was underpinned on the Social Control Theory by Hirschi (1969). The study adopted a correlational research design. The target population of this study was 338 principals, 338 deputy principals, 3426 teachers and 116,374 students in 338 public secondary schools in Nakuru County. Stratified random sampling was used to select 100 schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 100 principals while Proportionate, and simple random sampling was used to select 346 teachers and 383 students. Ten per cent of the deputy principals were selected. Questionnaires were used to collect data from principals, teachers and students, while interviews were used to collect data from Deputy Principals. Test-retest reliability had a coefficient of 0.70, indicating that the instruments were reliable. The finding revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between transactional leadership style and students’ conformity to school rules r (=0.410; p=0.000). It was concluded that principals' transactional leadership style significantly relates to students' conformity to school rules. Provision of rewards and recognition constantly to students who conform to school rules and reprimand to those students who do not conform to school rules by the principal is necessary. The study recommends that the principal should be willing to use suspension and even repeated suspension where necessary as a tool for dealing with students demonstrating chronic behaviour problems that disrupt the school climate.
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