Bicyclomycin is a new antibiotic obtained from the culture filtrate of Streptomyces sp. WS4545 which was identified as a new species and given the nameStreptomyces sapporonensis. Its elementary analysis and mass spectroscopic measurement suggest that the molecular formula is C12H18N2O7. There is no specific ultraviolet absorption. Bicyclomycin is active against Gramnegative bacteria, especially Escherichia colt, Klebsiella, Shigella and Salmonella species, and has no cross resistance with the usual antibiotics. It has low toxicity in mice.
Enterocin is a new antibiotic isolated from cultures of two strains of Streptomyces, which were given the names Streptomyces candidus var. enterostaticus WS-8096 and variant M-127 of Streptomyces viridochromogenes1). Its elementary analysis and mass spectroscopic measurement suggest the molecular formula is C72H20O10. The ultraviolet absorption gave two maximal peaks at 250 nm and 283 nm in methanol. Enterocin has static activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and no activity against fungi and yeast.
The thiopeptins are a new group of sulfur-containing peptide antibiotics produced by Streptomyces tateyamensis. The antibiotic consists of a major component (designated as thiopeptin B) and four minor ones (thiopeptins Al to A4). These components were isolated by solvent extraction from mycelium followed by chromatography on silica gel with various ratios of chloroform and methanol as elution solvents. Acid hydrolysis of each of the thiopeptin components yielded 1 mole of valine, 1 of threonine, 1 of cysteine, and 2 of alanine as amino acids. Each component of the thiopeptin A group has chemical and biological properties closely similar to those of thiopeptin B, but detailed characterization has established that thiopeptins Al, A3, and A4 are new antibiotics. We could not obtain accurate data for determination of the uniqueness of A2 because of insufficient sample. Thiopeptin has strong antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria and Mycoplasma, and exhibits no cross-resistance to major human-use antibiotics.During screening for new antibiotics, a previously undescribed antibiotic was isolated from culture broth of a new Streptomyces species which was isolated from soil samples collected at Tateyama, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. The antibiotic was characterized as a sulfur-containing peptide complex consisting of very closely related compounds and was designated thiopeptin. Thiopeptin inhibits primarily gram-positive bacteria, and is valuable as a feed additive for animals, because of its marked growth-promoting action.In a previous paper (5), we reported the chemical and biological characteristics of thiopeptin B, the main component of the antibiotic complex. We continued our studies on components of thiopeptin and found out that four components were produced in thiopeptin fermentation broth, which were designated A1, A2, A3, and A4. Each component was isolated in pure form except for A2. Thiopeptins A1, A3, and A4 were established as new antibiotics on the basis of their chemical and biological properties. Definite data for component A2 could not be obtained because of its poor production in broth.In this paper, fermentation characteristics, isolation procedures, and the chemical and biological properties of the thiopeptin A antibiotics are compared with those of thiopeptin B.MATERIALS AND METHODS Fermentation and extraction. A medium consisting of 6.0% potato starch, 3.0% Pharmamedia (Trader Oil Mill Co.), 1.5% corn steep liquor 1.5% dried yeast, 0.3% FeSO4-7H20, 0.2% N-acetyl methionine, 1.09% KH2PO4, and 0.71% Na2HPO4 was prepared with 650 liters of tap water in a 1,000-liter stainlesssteel fermentor and was sterilized with steam under high pressure.Streptomyces tateyamensis ATCC 21389 was precultured in 30 liters of the same medium described above for 48 hr at 30 C. The seed culture was inoculated into the main fermentor, where it was cultured for 120 hr at 30 C with aeration at 680 liters/min and agitation at 183 rev/min. Antibacterial activity was assayed by cup plate or paper-disc plate method wi...
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