The objective of this study was to clarify the fatigue behavior of hollow yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP) specimens assuming its use for two-piece implants. The fatigue properties of a solid specimen (which simulated a one-piece implant) and 3 types of hollow specimens (which simulated two-piece implants) were evaluated. Specimens were either solid with a diameter of 4.0 mm (S) or hollow with an inner diameter of 3.0 mm and outer diameters of 4.0 mm (H0.5), 4.5 mm (H0.75), or 5.0 mm (H1.0). For each group, 25 specimens were prepared followed by blast and acid etch treatment. Static fracture and cyclic fatigue tests were conducted by modifying the methods provided in ISO6872. Fracture modes were determined by observing the surfaces under a scanning electron microscope. As a result, the cyclic fatigue load of S and H1.0 were similar, and hollow specimens with outer diameters greater than 0.75 mm displayed the ability to withstand molar occlusal forces.
Surface modifications of implants can improve the rate of osseointegration. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of super-hydrophilic modification on tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) implant surface and its subsequent effect on the rate of osseointegration. The TZP implants were rendered super-hydrophilic by the use of ultraviolet light (UV) or via atmospheric-pressure plasma treatments (PL), on their surface and were compared to control specimen that any surface modification wasn't performed (NC). According to the surface wettability and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of UV and PL was 0 degree, and their C1s peak was less than that of NC. The push-in test and histological analysis revealed that the super-hydrophilic modification enhanced the bone-implant integration and the formation of new bone around the TZP implants. Additionally, carbon removal and surface wettability enhancement likely improved the osseointegration rate. The study, therefore, demonstrates the design of future TZP implants, particularly for dental applications.
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