Overexpression of AURKA can cause aneuploidy in urothelial cells, and the AURKA gene copy number is a promising biomarker for detection of bladder cancer.
Bcl-2 is associated with resistance to radiotherapy in prostate cancer. It was recently demonstrated that transduction of LNCaP prostate cells with the PTEN gene resulted in Bcl-2 downregulation. We hypothesized that forced expression of PTEN in prostate cancer cells would sensitize cells to radiation, downregulate Bcl-2 expression, and potentiate the G2M block induced by radiation. Four cell lines -PC-3-Bcl-2 (Bcl-2 overexpression, deleted PTEN), PC-3-Neo (wild-type Bcl-2, deleted PTEN), LNCaP (Bcl-2 overexpression, deleted PTEN), and DU-145 (wild-type Bcl-2 and PTEN) -were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus-5 vector expressing the human wild-type PTEN cDNA under the control of a human cytomegalovirus promoter (Ad-MMAC). After correction for the effect of Ad-MMAC on plating efficiency, Ad-MMAC treatment reduced the surviving fractions after 2 Gy as follows: PC-3-Bcl-2, from 60.5 to 3.6%; PC-3-Neo, no reduction; LNCaP, from 29.6 to 16.3%; and DU-145, from 32.7 to 25.7%. PTEN expression was associated with the downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in PC-3-Bcl-2 and LNCaP cell lines. Ad-MMAC plus radiotherapy potentiated the G2M block seen with radiotherapy alone only in PC-3-Bcl-2 cells. These findings suggest that overexpression of Bcl-2 result in radioresistance and inability of radiation to cause its typical G2M cell-cycle arrest.
A cabbage plant forms a mature head during the continuous process of vegetative growth, suggesting that head formation is affected by developmental characteristics before harvesting. We investigated characteristics of early maturing F 1 hybrid varieties using 27 F 1 hybrids composed of 21 F 1 hybrids of mixed reciprocal combinations of 42 diallel crosses of 7 inbred lines and 6 commercial F 1 hybrids. We estimated the number of days it took for the head to attain the target weight from transplantation (head-maturing period, HMP). The HMP to reach 1250 g (HMP1250), the most marketable weight in Japan, varied from 60 to 88 days among the materials and corresponded to their estimates based on grower's experience. We thus considered that the HMP1250 was a valid measure of cabbage maturity. Correlation analysis between HMP1250 and developmental characteristics clarified that HMP1250 was correlated with the leaf shape index (width/length) of wrapper leaves, the leaf position at which head formation started and the size of wrapper leaves. This result suggested that cabbage maturity could be divided into those developmental characteristics. That is to say, early maturing F 1 hybrid varieties had the following developmental characteristics; change to a large leaf shape index from the low leaf position, low leaf position at which their head formation started and large leaf size.
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