Natural catastrophes and disasters may cause the destruction of infrastructure and personal property. In order to reduce the effects of such tragedies, the effectiveness of the evacuation procedures is essential. Effective evacuation procedures, however, also depend on governance issues in addition to technical aspects like infrastructure and communication. This paper intends to review on how governance, and evacuation protocols relate to emergency preparedness and disaster management (DM). Thus, this study explores the use of agent-based and social force theory in developing evacuation simulation models that incorporate evacuation governance strategies. Practitioners and policymakers can better understand the elements that determine the effectiveness of evacuation procedures and create more efficient methods for disaster management and emergency response by modelling human behaviour in disaster circumstances. The policy is an illustration of how governance elements can be integrated into evacuation procedures and guidelines for effective DM. Thus, the expected result for this study emphasises the significance of governance for policymakers and practitioners in the execution of evacuation procedures.
Flood management can be defined as the technique and strategy to reduce the risk and damage from flooding. The efficient strategies for the both short-term and long-term plans is needed in order to minimise losses and damage during disaster happen. Flood governance entails the need of a coordinated system in dealing with this natural disaster. The phases of the flood disaster management cycle such as flood preparedness, flood mitigation, Emergency Response Plan (ERP), and flood recovery helped the federal government and states government to overcome the flood disaster. In Malaysia, the disaster management undergoes three levels, where each level is governed by a committee with specified responsibilities. Flood disaster mitigation is crucial since it is possible to prevent damage that is brought upon by flood disaster. During the flood event, all the flood victims must be allocated to relief center. The allocation process needs to be conducted efficiently to avoid much worse incidents happening. The aims of this paper review are to explore the existing knowledge on flood mitigation and to identify Location-allocation model currently applied to solve allocation of flood victims to relief centre.The paper review is based on secondary data to give comparison and recommendation in achieving the objective. However, lack of coordination remains an issue that could potentially be tackled using a more efficient framework. Further researches are needed to test the effectiveness of this framework in improving flood governance.
This paper discusses the use of point based interpolation to estimate the value of temperature at an unallocated meteorology stations in Peninsular Malaysia using data of year 2010 collected from the Malaysian Meteorology Department. Two point based interpolation methods which are Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) are considered. The accuracy of the methods is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show that RBF with thin plate spline model is suitable to be used as temperature estimator for the months of January and December, while RBF with multiquadric model is suitable to estimate the temperature for the rest of the months.
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