The results provide evidence that clenbuterol elicits anti-inflammatory effects, suppresses the peripheral acute phase response and reduces the infiltration of neutrophils and apoptotic response to acute IL-1β-induced brain injury. Suppression of both the central and peripheral response following clenbuterol administration may contribute to its protective properties following brain injury.
This study demonstrated the efficacy of the dinitrate-barbiturate in DSS-induced colitis. Therefore, barbiturate-nitrate hybrids may be developed as a promising anti-inflammatory approach to the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
Objectiveto investigate plasma S100b concentration following competitive play and concussive episodes; to compare plasma S100b concentration in professional rugby players with age matched non-contact athletic controls; to develop an objective blood biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of concussion.DesignProspective case-control studySettingProfessional rugby club, Elite rowing clubs.ParticipantsProfessional rugby players (n=44); elite rowers (age/activity matched athletic controls) (n=16).InterventionsBlood samples were collected at baseline (14 days prior to training/competitive play) in both the rugby and rowing cohort. Rugby players were again assessed one hour following competitive games in the early, middle and late season (3 times). This was repeated again the following season (6 data sets). Concussed players were re-evaluated following concussion.OutcomesPlasma was prepared and assessed for S100b concentration by ELISA (Abnova). Metabolomic profiling of samples was carried out by two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS).Main resultsThere was significant increase in plasma S100b following competitive play, compared to baseline (p<0.001). Over 1000 metabolites were detected by GC×GC-TOFMS in a single sample run, covering a functionally wide range of small molecules. The post-match metabolic profile showed significant changes in several metabolites; these are at present being validated and analysed further.ConclusionsThere is a significant effect of competitive play on circulating S100b. Data on metabolomic profiles are being collected continually throughout the season and being clustered according to concussive and non-concussive episodes. It is hoped that this analysis may reveal concussion-specific changes in the metabolomic profile of players.Competing interestsNone.
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