Introducción: la cirugía bariátrica no beneficia a todos los pacientes. Identificar a los pacientes gravemente obesos que tendrán éxito después de la cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo un reto para el equipo transdiciplinario. El objetivo de este estudio retrospectivo fue analizar factores dietéticos preoperatorios que pudieran predecir una pérdida de peso exitosa después de la cirugía bariátrica.Métodos: el estudio retrospectivo incluyó a pacientes sometidos a una cirugía de bypass gástrico laparoscópico en Y de Roux como procedimiento para obesidad severa (n = 84). Datos demográficos del paciente, comorbilidades, factores dietéticos y los resultados de pérdida de peso se extrajeron de la historia clínica electrónica.Resultados: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) se asoció con una pérdida subóptima de peso después de una cirugía de bypass gástrico laparoscópicoen Y de Roux.Conclusiones: aunque la cirugía bariátrica sigue siendo el tratamiento más efectivo para los pacientes con obesidad severa, es fundamental desarrollar estrategias para mejorar y mantener la pérdida de peso, especialmente en pacientes con DM2. Evaluar las características dietéticas de los candidatos a cirugía bariátrica es crucial.
Introduction:
Obesity is considered a risk factor for other chronic illnesses, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, and other disorders. A therapeutic approach is bariatric surgery (BS), which is considered the most effective intervention for severe obesity and ameliorates these comorbidities. Some polymorphisms are considered markers for addictive disorders and hedonic hunger and are associated with BMI. The objective was to analyze factors associated with the success of BS, including rs1800497 ANKK1 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms, eating behavior, hedonic hunger, and depressive symptoms.
Methods
We included 101 patients who underwent BS from 2010 to 2021 from the surgery service of a public hospital. We registered anthropometry and applied 3 questionnaires to evaluate eating behavior (TFEQ-R18), hedonic hunger (PFS), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9). We typed the ANKK1 rs1800497 and rs1799732 DRD2 polymorphisms and evaluated biochemistry characteristics.
Results
The median weight loss was 34.7 kg with a BMI of 33.8 kg/m2. Weight loss was negatively associated with triglycerides (p = 0.011) and positively associated with the TFEQ-R18 (p = 0.006). Regarding polymorphisms, rs1800497 ANKK1 was associated with TFEQ-R18 (OR = 1.13 (1.02–1.25), p = 0.009), but rs1799732 DRD2 was not associated with either studied variable. We also found a negative correlation of actual BMI with scholarship (r=-0.29, p = 0.02).
Conclusion
We observed an improvement in metabolic and anthropometric parameters post-BS. Interestingly, the ANKK1 Taq1A polymorphism was associated with eating behavior, and scholarship with BMI could consider predictors of BS outcomes.
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