The aqueous extracts of the following vegetable wastes were used as an enzyme source to reduce benzaldehyde to benzyl alcohol: capulin, mamey, green pepper, chili, and avocado seeds; bean, turnip rape, fava bean, lima bean, and jinicuil pods; papaya peel, and chive leaves. The highest conversions of benzaldehyde were obtained with the capulin and mamey seeds, bean pods and chive leaves (86%, 77%, 54%, and 45% of benzyl alcohol respectively). The biocatalytic methodology proposed avoids the generation of chemical toxic waste because metallic reducing agents are used in the chemical reduction; and the biological residues can be used as fertilizers. This procedure complies with some of the principles of green chemistry.
bovine serum. The BV2 cells were pretreated with test compounds for 1 h and then stimulated with 100 ng/ml LPS. After further 24 h incubation, 100 μl of the medium was used for the measurement of nitrite concentration, and the cells were used for the assessment of viability. The nitrite concentration in the medium was measured using Griess reagent (1% sulfanilamide in 5% H 3 PO 4 and 0.1% N-1-naphtyletylenediamide dihydrochloride), and the cell viability was determined with the WST assay (EZ-Cytox). WST solution was added to each 96-well plate and incubated for 2 h. The optical density (OD) was read at 450 nm. The cell viability was calculated using the following equation: % protection = 100 × (OD of LPS-sample treated cultures or OD of LPS treated cultures)/(OD of control cultures).
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