Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the proven benefit of secondary prevention medications (SPMs), their utilisation remains suboptimal in many countries. This study aimed to assess the use of SPMs in a Malaysian primary care clinic and factors associated with it. Methods: A retrospective review of electronic medical records was conducted to assess the prescription of SPMs among patients with coronary artery disease who attended the clinic between 1st January 2018 and 31st December 2018. Prescriptions of SPMs were documented in numbers and percentages. Multiple logistic regressions were used to analyse factors associated with the prescription of SPMs. Results: Of the 662 patients included in the study, 99.1% were prescribed statins, 97% antiplatelets, 81.7% angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor blockers (ARBs), and 78.7% beta-blockers. Male patients were more likely to be prescribed statins (OR = 8.584, 95% CI: 1.431 – 51.510) and antiplatelets (OR = 6.818, 95% CI: 2.294 – 20.257). Another significant factor for antiplatelets prescription was having diabetes (OR = 3.318, 95% CI: 1.148 – 9.590). Having hypertension was associated with ACE-inhibitors or ARBs prescription (OR = 4.008, 95% CI: 2.522 – 6.370). Conclusion: Although the majority of patients received SPMs, there were significant disparities for some SPMs prescriptions among female patients. As these medications are widely available in the Malaysian primary care setting, steps should be taken to ensure that these medications are prescribed equally for all eligible patients.
Introduction: Computer Vision Syndrome Scale 17 (CVSS17) is a questionnaire to measure computer-related visual and ocular symptoms among video display terminal workers. This study aimed to translate CVSS17 into Malay languag and determine its psychometric properties among video display terminal workers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional validation study involving 206 workers in Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM Selayang and Sungai Buloh Campus. The English version of the CVSS17 questionnaire is a 17-item scale measuring two key factors, which are internal symptom factors (11 items) and external symptom factors (6 items). The CVSS17 underwent forward-backward translation, face validation, and field testing to produce the Malay version. Validity of the items assessing psychometric properties was performed using exploratory factor analysis. The reliability testing was performed using internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Results: The validated CVSS17-Malay version retained all 17 items with acceptable factor loadings. There were 13 items in the external, and 4 items in the internal symptom factors domain. In comparison to the original version, 4 items (A2, A22, A28, A30) were swapped from internal to external symptom factors and 2 items (C16 and C23) swapped from external to internal symptom factors. The changes of these items into different domains were discussed. The overall Cronbach’s α was 0.867 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.866. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin was 0.928, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was p-value <0.001. Conclusion: The CVSS17 Malay version is valid, reliable, and stable over time, to be used in measuring computer vision syndrome among Malay-speaking workers.
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