Highlights
Development of a novel method to assess environmnetal hazards of industrial, and municipal wastes.
Application of the inverted RES2-D data using the Oasis Montaj to generate a rectangular prism model.
Using the rectangular prism model developed to estimate the volume of IWM and MSW materials.
Quantification of the leachate contaminant plumes flow from IWM and MSW for remediation.
Tanah terserak merupakan tanah bermasalah lantaran sifat semula jadinya yang mudah bertindak balas apabila terdapat kehadiran air lalu meningkatkan potensi hakisan cerun. Kewujudan ion natrium pada mineral lempung tanah melemahkan ikatan elektrokimia tanah terserak menyebabkan zarah lempung menolak dan menjauhi satu sama lain. Faktor ini mendorong pengasingan zarah tanah lalu membentuk fitur hakisan seperti ril dan galur rencam di permukaan bercerun, hakisan paip di dalam sub-permukaan landai dan kewujudan keruping merekah yang menjadi permasalahan dalam pembinaan struktur bangunan serta kejadian bencana alam. Kewujudan mineral lempung berbeza kapasiti pengembangan-pengecutan di kawasan tanah terserak menghasilkan morfologi dan sifat serakan tanah yang berbeza. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk mencirikan sifat fizikal tanah terserak tropika berdasarkan limpahan mineral lempung kaolinit dan montmorilonit serta hubungannya terhadap pembentukan morfologi hakisan cerun dan keruping tanah melalui pemerhatian lapangan dan analisis makmal. Hasil kajian mendapati kadar serakan dipengaruhi oleh sifat fizikal tanah seperti taburan saiz butiran, had cecair (LL), indeks keplastikan (PI), kandungan mineralogi lempung, nisbah % pasir/% zarah halus serta nisbah PI/LL. Analisis makmal menunjukkan tanah terserak dengan kehadiran mineral kaolinit dilihat kurang sensitif terhadap serakan berbanding mineral montmorilonit. Pemerhatian di lapangan mendapati tanah lempung kaolinit berasosiasi dengan pembentukan fitur hakisan ril dan galur rencam di sisi cerun secara lateral dan separa lateral, manakala tanah lempung montmorilonit tidak membentuk fitur hakisan yang nyata namun cenderung membentuk lapisan keruping dengan sistem jaringan rekahan heksagonal pada cerun bersudut hampir tegak (≈80°). Pencirian ini penting bagi meramal kewujudan dan taburan tanah terserak tropika berdasarkan limpahan mineral lempung yang berupaya menjadi pencetus kepada mekanisme geo-bencana yang sinonim berlaku di Malaysia.
Abstract. Translational slides in clays are often characterized by long-lasting intermittent movements associated with the fluctuations of pore-water pressure. Physically-based models designed to support hazard analysis of landslide movements and early warning systems require the integration of time-dependent (viscous) constitutive models for the shear displacements because landslide movements are typically controlled by the viscous behaviour of the clay geomaterial. This paper presents an investigation of the viscous response of a clay geo-material under saturated and unsaturated conditions. Creep and relaxation tests have been first carried out on saturated clay samples by means of direct shear box. To gain a conceptual understanding of the viscous response of the clay in shear, mechanical analogues were considered based on combinations of springs and dashpots. Preliminary tests on unsaturated samples were finally carried out to gain a first insight into the viscous response of the clay under unsaturated conditions.
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