Major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) increases further morbidity and mortality of patients with retroviral disease (RVD). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and the contributing factors of MDD and GAD. The symptoms were screened using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS), MDD and GAD was diagnosed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). 27(12.9%) patients had MDD and 28(13.0%) had GAD. The contributing factors include illicit drug use in the past, social support system, and CD4 count. Interventions for RVD patients should include counselling for those abusing drugs, increasing support system and adherence to treatment. Keywords: Retroviral Disease, Anxiety, Depression, Support system eISSN 2514-7528 © 2021 The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA CE-Bs by E-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians / Africans / Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v6i18.380
ObjectiveTo describe the child homicide rates and examine the circumstances of homicides of children in Malaysia from January 2010 to June 2021.MethodsThis is a retrospective secondary analysis of police records on child homicides in Malaysia. Background demographic characteristics of victims, suspected offenders, motives of homicide, and rates of child homicide in Malaysia were analyzed descriptively.ResultsThree hundred thirty-two child homicide cases involving 349 children aged 18 years old and below by 458 suspected offenders were described. The Malaysian rates of child homicide from 2010 to 2018 fluctuated between 0.28 and 0.37 per 100,000 population of children aged 18 and below. The rates show decreasing trend to 0.19 and 0.17 per 100,000 population of children aged 18 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. Most of the victims were Malay and Indians, boys, aged 0–5 years old and 16–18 years old. Offenders were likely to be someone known to the victims, including parents, stepparents, and friends, and have unstable incomes. The main possible motives of homicide are jealousy and revenge, child abuse, and feeling distress.ConclusionThe rates of child homicide in Malaysia are lower compared to other countries and show decreasing trend during this COVID-19 pandemic. These findings perhaps are underestimated and should be cautiously interpreted. Nevertheless, the results should inform immediate intervention to target the at-risk groups.
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