The major role of ICT tools is a means to communicate and collaborate in a globalized, technological world in the knowledge society. In education, the role of ICT is paramount, especially for supporting teachers in ICT integrated teaching. However, little research has been conducted particularly in Asia-Pacific, on the interaction between teachers and ICT integration influenced by their school’s stakeholder, which lead to successful implementation among teachers in teaching. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the challenges faced by teachers to ICT tools and how the schools' leaders and schools' stakeholders overcome these challenges. By employing a qualitative research methodology, data were collected using a multi-method of data collection, including in-depth interviews, non-participants observations, field notes, and document analysis. The findings uncovered three themes for existing challenges and overcoming challenges. Three themes for the challenges are the inadequate schools’ ICT tools, failure to commit to the schools’ regulations, and failure to comply with the schools’ regulations. The three themes for overcome challenges are assisted performance, sharing ideas, and distributed leadership style. This study can be an exemplar for other schools in strategizing ICT integration for teachers in teaching.

This multiple-case study drew upon Engeström's (1987) activity theory (AT) to understand the conditions and explain the systematic contradictions that facilitate successful Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in schools. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis from one primary and one secondary public school in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were carried out with nine participants, including principals, ICT coordinators, and teachers. Findings revealed three conditions that led to successful ICT integration: 1) types of ICT tools in the school, 2) rules and regulations in the school that shape the ICT culture, and 3) division of labour within the school community. The findings indicate that school stakeholders must work together to resolve tensions introduced by systemic contradictions in different activity systems, which shape school ICT culture. The study aims to enrich the discourse on ICT integration by assisting school stakeholders to reflect on their own ICT integration strategies.

Despite extensive research on ICT integration among teachers, limited knowledge was given to understand the successful integration of ICT among teachers. For those purposes, a single-case study aimed to explain the successful integration of ICT by teachers into teaching in one national primary school in Malaysia. Data were collected using multi-method of data collection including in-depth interviews, non-participants observations, and document analysis. The results discovered three models that lead to teachers' successful ICT integration in teaching, explaining how the interactions between the contradictions, causes of contradictions, and resolutions of contradictions have hindered or influenced the teachers to integrate ICT in their teaching. The findings indicate the activity system of department and school (prior activities) influencing activity system of the classroom (recent activity), led to the successful integration of ICT by teachers in teaching.

<span lang="EN-US">Radical changes across almost all areas, including education, due to the COVID-19 outbreak. One of the rapid transformations is digital learning, also known as e-learning. Digital learning transformation has been taking place for more than a decade. However, little comprehensive analysis of digital transformation in teaching in public schools. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no comprehensive analysis incorporates external and internal barriers and examines the prominent theories to study successful e-learning integration among teachers. The aim of this study was to provide a thematic and theoretical understanding of digital learning transformation among teachers in public schools. The data for the study was acquired <span>from the Scopus </span>databases. The study employed content and comparative analysis and <span>advocated </span>a<span> grounded theory approach </span>to inductively<span> analyze and criticize the theme construction for answering</span> two research questions. Based on a set of criteria to determine whether each derived study should be included or excluded, 42 articles were reviewed between 2010 and 2022. The analysis uncovered 10 themes of antecedents that were constructed as a framework based on the first-second-order barriers. Results also indicated that CHAT, TPACK, TAM, and UTAUT are the most prominent theories used to conduct digital transformation research. The findings offered significant implications for digital transformation and educational technology communities, especially for policymakers to strategize and reflect on the practice they implemented and improvised if necessary for future sustainable education and efficient teachers’ performance in teaching.</span>

E-learning includes a range of electronic devices and the Internet has been widely used in Malaysian schools for delivering the content, the interaction between teachers and students, and facilitating the process of teaching and learning. The role of e-learning is not only means of a communication tool to support education but also enables the integration of the Internet, computers, phones, videos, radio and other technologies while helping teachers to implement virtual teaching. However, little research has been conducted on e-learning integration that highlights principal approaches as a manager and key advocates in implementing e-learning integration in a school, especially in Malaysia. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the role of a principal in supporting e-learning integration in a school participating in the School Transformation Program 2025 (TS25). This study used a qualitative approach by using an in-depth interview for the method of data collection. A few problems with the use of e-learning as a communication tool to support teaching and learning among the participants, namely, teachers were failed to comply with the schools' regulations and insufficient Internet access. The study also found the school managed to resolve problems either the help of the government or the initiative of the school's principal and stakeholder via the government encouragement to the use of Google Classroom. Teachers quickly learn the use of Google Classroom because it's accessible with little data usage. Besides, the School A initiative installed a network balancer enhanced Internet accessibility. This tool will average the speed of each device while at school. The most influential school's stakeholder is the Parent-Teacher Association (PTA) and school alumni, which have contributed by reducing financial constraints and provide expertise to help the teachers understand the specific field. This study can be a guideline for other schools in planning e-learning integration strategies for student success. Abstrak E-pembelajaran yang merangkumi rangkaian peranti elektronik dan Internet telah digunakan secara meluas di sekolah-sekolah di Malaysia untuk penyampaian kandungan, interaksi di antara guru dan pelajar, dan memudahkan proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Peranan e-pembelajaran bukan sahaja sebagai alat komunikasi untuk memberi sokongan dalam pendidikan, tetapi juga membolehkan integrasi Internet, komputer, telefon, video, radio dan teknologi lain sekali gus membantu guru dalam melaksanakan pengajaran maya. Bagaimanapun, hanya terdapat beberapa kajian yang dibuat berkaitan integrasi e-pembelajaran yang mengetengahkan pendekatan pengetua sebagai pengurus dan penyokong utama dalam melaksanakan pengintegrasian e-pembelajaran di sekolah terutama di Malaysia. Oleh itu, tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memahami pendekatan seorang pengetua bagi menyokong pengintegrasian e-pembelajaran di sebuah sekolah yang terpilih bagi program sekolah transformasi. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan temu bual untuk kaedah pengumpulan data. Terdapat beberapa masalah dalam penggunaan e-pembelajaran sebagai alat komunikasi untuk menyokong pengajaran dan pembelajaran di kalangan peserta kajian, seperti guru gagal mematuhi peraturan sekolah dan akses Internet yang tidak mencukupi. Kajian ini mendapati pihak sekolah berjaya menyelesaikan masalah mereka sama ada bantuan dari pihak kerajaan ataupun inisiatif dari pengetua dan pihak berkepentingan sekolah itu sendiri, melalui usaha kerajaan menggalakkan penggunaan Google Classroom. Guru belajar dengan cepat penggunaan Google Classroom kerana ia boleh diakses dengan penggunaan data yang sedikit. Selain itu, inisiatif Sekolah A memasang network balancer meningkatkan capaian Internet. Alat ini akan menyamaratakan kelajuan bagi setiap device selagi berada di sekolah. Pemegang taruh sekolah yang banyak menyuntik dana adalah Persatuan Ibu bapa Guru (PIBG) dan alumni sekolah di mana mereka telah menyumbang dengan mengurangkan kekangan kewangan dan menyediakan kepakaran bagi membantu guru-guru memahami bidang-bidang tertentu. Kajian ini boleh menjadi satu rujukan bagi sekolah lain dalam merancang strategi pengintegrasian e-pembelajaran bagi keberhasilan pelajar.

outbreak has been declared as a global health disruption, and at the same time affecting the global economy. As the phenomena are unprecedented, there is a lack of studies on the impact of COVID-19 on businesses, especially in Malaysia. For preventing the virus transmission to the plethora of people, the Malaysian government declared Movement Control Order (MCO) on March 18, 2020, in which the citizens are ordered to practise 'social distancing' to avoid the further outbreak of COVID-19. Therefore, the study aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 transmission on Small-Business Enterprises (SMEs) businesses in Malaysia. This study employed an online survey system using a selfadministered questionnaire that was distributed all over the country through social media. Findings indicated that the spreading of COVID-19 in Malaysia has significant impacts on SMEs businesses, which affected almost 87% of business owners when their business is experiencing loss. Only 13% of business owners in this study are not affected as they have an online business. The findings reveal that 76% are affected by the COVID-19 outbreak as they need to shut down their physical premises and plants during MCO. The remaining of the respondents are still operating their business as they are of the 'food and beverage' sector.

This study aims to examine the relationship between sleep and mood states on studentThe respondent consists of 89 student male respondent (59.3%) and 36 female respondent (40.4%). These respondent were range from age 13 to 21 years old are chosen from the category of individual and team sports.