The combustion performance of H 2-rich model syngas was investigated by using a premixed swirl flame combustor. Syngas consisting mainly of H 2 and CO was blended with components such as CH 4 and CO 2 in a mixing chamber prior to combustion at atmospheric condition. The global flame appearance and emissions performance were examined for high (H 2 /CO = 3) and moderate (H 2 /CO = 1.2) H 2-rich syngases. Results showed that higher H 2 fractions in the syngases produce lower NO x emissions per kWh basis across all equivalence ratios tested. CO emissions are equivalence ratio dependent and are less affected by the H 2 fraction in the syngas. Increasing CO 2 diluent ratios result in the decrease of NO x , particularly for moderate H 2-rich syngases. In contrast, syngas without CO shows an increase of NO x with increasing CO 2 for fuel-lean mixtures. Addition of CO 2 increases the lean blowout limit of all syngases. Higher fraction of H 2 produces lower lean blowout limits due to the characteristics of high diffusivity of hydrogen molecules and high flame speed that assist in the stabilisation of the flame under flame-lean conditions. The range of blowout limits for moderate and high H 2-rich and pure hydrogen syngases under diluent ratios up to 25% were within the range of φ = 0.12-0.15.
Fossil fuel as the world dominated energy source is depleting and posing environmental issue. Therefore, Synthesis gas (or syngas) which serve environmental clean fuel characteristic is expected to play a major role as one of the potential renewable energy in the future. Syngas, produced from solid feedstock (such as biomass, coal, refinery residual, organic waste and municipal waste) via gasification process can be used directly as fuel for power generation. Besides, syngas also acts as key intermediary to produce transport fuel depending on their quality. The chosen feedstock for syngas production determines the composition and heating value of the syngas produced and hence will be reviewed in general. This paper then review critically palms biomass as the potential source of feedstock for syngas production, as it is widely accessible in the context Malaysia. Palm biomass presents a solution that is sustainable and eco-friendly that is yet to be fully capitalized in the palm oil industry. Some of the palm biomass including oil palm frond (OPF), empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) are identified to contain high heating value which indicate their potential use as solid biomass feedstock for syngas production.
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