This book is the result of a historical, sociological and cultural study on the Ngusaba Gede Lanang Kapat ritual promoted by the Preservation Office of Balinese Cultural Values. In his forwards, the chairman states that this book is an effort to save the endangered cultural work and to load the local content in the areas where this work culture is alive and thriving (p. xi). Conducted in Trunyan, a village in which the daily life of the people governed by customary law, the result of the study presented in this book, as noted in the authors’ remarks (p. xii), provides a comprehensive understanding of Trunyan local genius as expressed in their customary rules, arts, rituals, and folklores.
This current research aimed at seeing how English nursery rhymes and kids’ songs as learning media support toddlers who are not living in an English speaking country (Indonesia) but exposed to the English language media during their normal baby-sitting times to learning English. To observe how two Indonesian toddlers learned English language in their early critical period of language acquisition through co-watching activity, Early Development Instrument which focuses on language and cognitive development domain with reading awareness and reciting memory subdomain was applied to observe two subjects after 15 month treatments (from age 10-24 months). The results show that the media and the co-watching activity are able to support the toddlers’ understanding of the English words spoken and their ability to produce the intelligent pronunciation of those words. The interesting fact reveals that English which is normatively learned merely as a foreign language to most Indonesian people is no longer something far-off to the toddlers who are exposed to it through English nursery rhymes and kids’ songs online since they are at the very young age. They naturally tend to be bilingual since at the same time they learn their mother tongue.
In a global world, living in other country is no longer unusual thing. Thus, the encounter with other culture is unavoidable. Progressing from ethnocentrism to ethno-relativism is vital for the success of someone living out of his/her mother country. This progress occurs through an intercultural process. A study on the intercultural process utilizes short self-reports and surveys to conduct the assessments of individuals’ attitude, personalities, and values. Conducted in an informal school with a boarding system, this study examines how the intercultural process of foreign teachers and whether this process gives influence to the local students’ cross cultural understanding. An informal school with a boarding system is a limited setting for an intercultural process. However, the interaction is still considered natural for two reasons: firstly, no certain particular cultural obligation for personal and social conduct there; secondly, cultural “take and give” occurs. The process occurs to both foreign teachers and local students. To some extent, the intercultural process of one party contributes the other party’s cross cultural understanding.Key Words: Intercultural Process, Cross Cultural Understanding
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