The frequency modulation sound parameter identification is a complex multimodal optimization problem. This problem is modeled in the form of a cost function that is the sum-squared error between the samples of estimated wave and the samples of real wave. In this research, the authors propose a shuffled particle swarm optimization algorithm to solve this problem. In the shuffled particle swam optimization proposed here, population such as shuffled frog leaping algorithm is divided to several memeplexes and each memeplex is improved by the particle swam optimization algorithm. A comparison among the obtained results of the authors' proposed algorithm with the results reported in the literature confirms a better performance of the authors' proposed algorithm.
To investigate the efficiency of a single-junction solar cell that was performed using a numerical analysis method, the effect of creating several different surface-enhancer layer structures on the efficiency of the solar cell was performed. In this study, several carbon nanotube structures adapted to the solar cell structure of the gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate were used. These elements have two important features of transparency and conductivity. Here, the effect of various parameters such as structure type, dimensions, number of layers, usable impurities and their arrangement on the solar cell efficiency was investigated. In this research, the layer added on the surface of a solar cell can be modeled on a heterogeneous carbon nanotube network. Finally, an optimized single-junction solar cell was obtained by examining the performance of the solar cell using the final carbon nanotube layers. This work resulted, the solar cell with a combination of a double-layer carbon nanotube enhancer by about 30% of efficiency, due to the ability to absorb more photons in one layer of the nanotubes, and better electrical transferability in the other layer of the nanotubes. In this solar cell, two different layers of carbon nanotube with a surface ratio of 10% and 90% of the total surface enhancer layer were used, with a cellular efficiency of about 1% improvement in performance compared with the previous one.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.