The Euler method is a first-order numerical procedure for solving Ordinary Differential Equation (ODEs) problems. It is an effective and easy method to solve initial value problems. Although Euler provides simple procedure for solving ODEs, there have been issues such as complexity, time of processing and accuracy that compelled the use of other, more complex, methods. Improvements to the Euler method have attracted much attention resulting in numerous modified Euler methods. This paper proposes Cube Arithmetic, a modified Euler method with improved accuracy. The efficiency of Cube Arithmetic was compared with Euler Arithmetic and tested using SCILAB against exact solutions. Results indicate that not only Cube Arithmetic provided solutions that are similar to exact solutions at small step size, but also at higher step size, hence producing more accurate results.
Nowadays, Internet attacks are increasing rapidly. As a result, information security is a serious global concern among Information Technology users. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is capable to detect unauthorized intrusions into computer systems and networks by looking for signatures of known attacks or deviations of normal activity. IDS is such as a detective control, the main function is to warn the user of any suspicious activity taking place. Active IDS research are still ongoing with remarkable techniques to detect attacks with significance accurate result. This paper deliver a brief overview on types of IDS and a types of techniques employed to detect intrusion.
Abstract. Body mass index is a familiar term for those who are weight conscious. It is the term that let user know about the overall body composition in terms of fat.The available body mass index calculators whether online or on Play Store do not provide Malaysian meal suggestions. Hence, this paper proposes an application for body mass index calculator together with Malaysian meal suggestion. The objectives of the study are to design and develop BMI Calc android application for the purpose of calculating body mass index while embedding meal suggestion module. The design and methodology involve in the process are also presented.
A first-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) is a function with two variables defined in the xy-axis of a field. Various numerical methods, such as the Euler method, Runge-Kutta method, Heun’s method and others, are used to solve ODEs, with varying computational costs and accuracy. The Euler method can only solve the first derivative equation with the simplest implementation at the lowest cost of computation, but it produces less accurate results. This research focuses on improving the Euler method to increase its accuracy. A new scheme called Centroidal-Polygon (CP) is used in this study. The CP scheme is tested on the Resistor-Capacitor (RC) circuit equation to ensure that it can be used in fields other than mathematics and computation. The RC circuit equation is used to compute maximum error and assess the accuracy of the CP scheme and its counterparts. The circuit equation’s accuracy in the RC circuit equation is determined by the time constant (τ). This research used Scilab 6.0 software to analyze the maximum error. The performance of the CP scheme was compared to the Polygon, Harmonic-Polygon, and Cube-Polygon schemes, which are all enhanced Euler methods. The results show that the CP scheme achieves higher accuracy while requiring less computing time. In future studies, the CP scheme will be applied to the RCL circuit equation and second-order ODE to ensure the CP scheme can be used in all applications.
Cybersecurity has emerged as an essential concept in everyday life, requiring the involvement of individuals. Although cybersecurity is empowered by government to all level of user, as a critical demanding situation confronted, however, the visibility and public focus stays limited especially to young user. The engagement of Internet is regularly taken into necessity for sharing information, learning, transactions and controlling the physical world, mainly during pandemic Covid-19. Hence, Cybersecurity Awareness (CSA) is a key defense in the protection of user and cyberspace. This review paper elaborates the CSA issue and methodology that had been done by other researcher, consequently the encounter effort taken to enhance the CSA among user, focus on young generation.
Numerical method is a technique of obtaining the nearest approximation for the solution of various problems that can be described in the form of derivative equations. Engineering issues cannot be simply overcome using analytical concepts. This study aims to propose a new scheme from an enhanced Euler method for testing the resistor-inductor (RL) circuit equation. For this purpose, the paper proposes the Euler Root Mean Square (ERMS), a modified Euler method with improved accuracy. It will justify that the new scheme can be as accurate as possible in providing the exact solution by applying an average concept of using root mean square. It will focus on this accuracy by comparing the exact solution and actual solution between the new ERMS scheme and a modified Euler known as Euler Arithmetic. This study has demonstrated that the ERMS provided solutions that are similar to the exact solutions at t=0.5. It proves that an enhanced Euler method can be applied in various fields, especially in electrical engineering. In conclusion, the ERMS can be used as an alternative algorithm to solve RL circuit problems.
The Euler method is one of the oldest methods to solve differential equation problems. The Euler method produces the simplest solution. However, although is not computationally expensive, the Eulermethod is lack of accuracy. To improve the Euler method, the researcher proposed a new scheme for better accuracy. The Euler method equation and the mean method were combined to enhance this method. As the improvement basis, the researcher used the Centroidal mean and the midpoint method or Polygon to improve the Euler method. The combination of the Euler and Centroidal mean is known as Centroidal Polygon (CP) scheme. The CP scheme was used to solve first-order non-linear Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). The researcher used SCILAB 6.0 software to solve the equation and the CP scheme was tested in three different step sizes (0.1,0.01, and 0.001). Aside from that, the researcher had compared the CP scheme with previous schemes such as ZulZamri's Polygon (P) scheme, Nurhafizah's Harmoni-Polygon (HP) scheme, and Nooraida's Cube-Polygon (CuP) scheme to ensure that the CP scheme is more accurate than previous research. When the maximum error is calculated by subtracting the scheme and exact solution, the results show that the CP scheme delivers the highest accuracy results in the shortest amount of time. The new enhanced, modified Euler method is useful for other researchers to achieve good accuracy at low computational cost as an alternative to the more computationally expensive methods.
Tourism is the third largest contributor to Malaysia’s GDP, worth MYR 86.1 billion in 2019. It is expected that the number of tourists to Malaysia will reach 30 billion in 2020, translated to MYR 100 billion receipts. The Malaysian Smart Tourism 4.0 Initiative strives to unlock the full potential of the tourism industry through enabling technologies of IR 4.0. This work reports the results of an innovation project to support smart tourism in Malaysia. It entails the design and development of Travel Assist, a mobile App for visitors to Malaysia. Travel Assistintegrates three common web services: Google Translate, Google Maps, and XE Converter, into one App. It was developed using MIT App Inventor and Adobe Dreamweaver, and suitable for iOS and Android 7.0 (Nougat) devices and above. The App was tested by a group of users to confirm its functionality and feasibility, and the validation results are encouraging. The underlying technology is robust enough to support future innovation ideas and services under the IR 4.0 umbrella.
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