Refugees experience a host of traumatic events and stressors in their countries of origin, during flight, and during resettlement. The impact of these experiences on both their physical and mental health is well documented in the literature. However, the potentially positive effects of trauma on well-being are less well understood. The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize the literature on refugee posttraumatic growth. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) occurs when refugees coherently make sense of their traumatic experiences. As a result of engaging in this reflective process, some experience positive intraand interpersonal gains. Factors that facilitate PTG, such as social support, coping styles, religiosity, and optimism, will be discussed. The emerging literature on vicarious PTG among mental health professionals working with refugees will also be addressed. This paper will conclude with a set of recommendations for future PTG research with refugees. Research on posttraumatic growth has important implications for the promotion of healthy adjustment and well-being among refugees in Canada.

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This article provides clinical guidelines for basic knowledge and skills essential for successful work with clients who have obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across ethnic, racial and religious differences. We emphasise multiculturalist and anti-racist approaches and the role of culture in shaping the presentation of OCD in clients. Several competencies are discussed to help clinicians differentiate between behaviour that is consistent with group norms versus behaviour that is excessive and psychopathological in nature. Symptom presentation, mental health literacy and explanatory models may differ across cultural groups. The article also highlights the possibility of violating client beliefs and values during cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), and subsequently offers strategies to mitigate such problems, such as consulting community members, clergy, religious scholars and other authoritative sources. Finally, there is a discussion of how clinicians can help clients from diverse populations overcome a variety of obstacles and challenges faced in the therapeutic context, including stigma and cultural mistrust. Key learning aims (1) To gain knowledge needed for working with clients with OCD across race, ethnicity and culture. (2) To understand how race, ethnicity and culture affect the assessment and treatment of OCD. (3) To increase awareness of critical skills needed to implement CBT effectively for OCD in ethnoracially diverse clients. (4) To acknowledge potential barriers experienced by minoritized clients and assist in creating accessible spaces for services.

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