Spills of non-petroleum hydrocarbons including vegetable oils and fish oils are of environmental concern because of their potential to cause serious effects on marine life and coastal environments. Biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms is an
The main goal of the current paper is to contribute to the existing literature of probability distributions. In this paper, a new probability distribution is generated by using the Alpha Power Family of distributions with the aim to model the data with non-monotonic failure rates and provides a better fit. The proposed distribution is called Alpha Power Exponentiated Inverse Rayleigh or in short APEIR distribution. Various statistical properties have been investigated including they are the order statistics, moments, residual life function, mean waiting time, quantiles, entropy, and stress-strength parameter. To estimate the parameters of the proposed distribution, the maximum likelihood method is employed. It has been proved theoretically that the proposed distribution provides a better fit to the data with monotonic as well as non-monotonic hazard rate shapes. Moreover, two real data sets are used to evaluate the significance and flexibility of the proposed distribution as compared to other probability distributions.
In many industrial processes, the pipeline systems are lined with a protective layer of cement mortar. In petroleum wells, cement slurry is placed in a wellbore to be hardened into an impermeable mass that seals the annulus from fluid flow and protects the casing from corrosion for the life of the well. When uniform linings of neat cement fail in tension, one or more large cracks are formed and the pressurizing fluid or mud easily flows through the cracks. The necessity to check the damaging effect of plastic shrinkage in cement mortar, and thus the formation of cracks, has called for further studies in this topic. In the past, the most common research topic has been in the areas of polymer fibers that are expensive and environmentally unacceptable. In the quest of pursuing technologies that are environmentally friendly, inexpensive, and innovative, this paper suggests the use of human hair, a waste material, in order to replace polymer fibers. Hair waste has been used as a new natural fiber to reinforce mortar and cement and improve their impermeability. The investigation reported herein concerns the effects of human hair fibers on the reduction of shrinkage cracking of mortar. The influence of mix proportions on the plastic shrinkage of human hair fiber reinforced mortar has been studied. The approach selected in this study is based on the factorial design of experiments, in which the considered parameters are cement/sand ratio, water/cement ratio, and human hair fibers content. The results show that human hair fibers are effective in reducing the plastic shrinkage cracks area of mortar by a remarkable percentage up to 92%.
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