Research on the role of the notary in the establishment of a Foreign Investment Limited Company (PMA) in Semarang aims to determine the role of a notary in the establishment PT.PMA. The research method is normative with library research and regulatory legislation in the field of investment include field research. This study uses a technique of direct communication with the tool in the form of interview guidelines. Interviews are used is free unstructured but questions that do not come out of the subject matter. Based on the results of the study concluded that the role of the notary in the establishment of PT. PMA is based on Act No. 25 of 2007 on Investment in Semarang are procedures that should be implemented is the submission of PMA addressed to the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM), with regard to this case, the task of the notary help the government provide legal counseling for the parties to the establishment, make Joint Venture Agreement in accordance with applicable legislation and in charge of manufacture of a limited liability company's certificate of incorporation approved by the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia. In the event of an error PT.PMA establishment, the notary is responsible for the deed change, but the responsibility of the notary in the case of the fraud perpetrated by the founder of the company who act in bad faith, then it becomes the responsibility of the founders of the company. Constraints faced by thebusiness licensing constraints, constraints business domicile, the determination of business areas, administrative requirements and constraints lack of capital to start build a company.Keywords: Role of the Notary; Foreign Investment; Limited Company.
Pendahuluan: Tindakan implan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mengganti gigi yang hilang. Pemasangan implan yang baik, mampu memberikan kenyamanan dan aspek estetis yang baik. Pemasangan implan yang penuh dengan resiko dan ketidak hati-hatian pada pemasangan berakibat tidak baik bagi pasien. Tujuan dari penulisan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk melaporkan kasus ketidaknyamanan yang disebabkan timbulnya reaksi inflamasi disertai supurasi pada sinus maksilaris paska pemasangan implan, dan juga untuk melihat kemampuan dari Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) dalam menganalisa hal tersebut. Laporan kasus: Perempuan berusia 40 tahun, mengeluhkan adanya rasa tidak nyaman berupa bau mulut dan hidung disertai hidung tersumbat dan pusing kepala. Anamnesa diketahui bahwa pasien telah melakukan pemasangan implan 3 bulan sebelumnya. Pemeriksaan intraoral menemukan adanya implan pada regio posterior, tanpa rasa sakit dan tanda peradangan. Manajemen kasus dilakukan dengan meminta pasien melakukan pemeriksaan CBCT, karena dicurigai rasa tidak nyaman, pusing dan bau disebabkan oleh implan yang saat ini telah terpasang. Setelah dilakukan pemeriksaan CBCT ternyata ditemukan sinus aproksimasi pada ujung implan. Ujung implan masuk ke dalam sinus dengan panjang lebih dari 2 mm. Hal ini menyebabkan infeksi pada dinding sinus dan berkumpulnya nanah pada daerah sinus. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa implan menyebabkan infeksi pada sinus sehingga kasus ini terjadi. Pasien kemudian dirujuk ke bagian bedah untuk dilakukan perbaikan pada implan. Simpulan: Inflamasi sinus disertai supurasi pada sinus maksilaris paska pemasangan dapat terjadi, hal ini terjadi kemungkinan karena respon tubuh terhadap implan yang masuk ke rongga sinus. Analisa dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan radiografi CBCT.Kata kunci: Implan, CBCT, infeksi sinus maksilaris. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dental implant placement is an attempt to replace missing teeth. Installing the right implant can provide comfort and good aesthetic aspects. However, the installation of implants with full risks and caution will hurt the patient; thus proper planning is needed for implant placement. The purpose of this case report was to report cases of discomfort caused by an inflammatory reaction accompanied by suppuration in the maxillary sinus after implant placement and also to see the ability of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) in analysing this. Case report: A 40-years-old woman complains of discomfort in the form of bad breath, nasal congestion, and headache. Anamnesa found that the patient had implant placement 3 months earlier. An intraoral examination found an implant in the posterior region, with no signs of pain and inflammation. Case management was performed by asking the patient to do a CBCT examination due to suspected discomfort, dizziness and bad breath caused by implants that are currently installed. After a CBCT examination found a sinus approximation at the tip of the implant. The tip of the implant goes into the sinus with a length of more than 2 mm. This caused an infection of the sinus wall and the gathering of pus in the sinus area. This proves that the implant caused an infection of the sinuses. The patient was then referred to the surgical section for the implant repairment. Conclusion: Sinus inflammation accompanied by suppuration of the maxillary sinus after installation can be occurred likely due to the body’s response towards the implants entering the sinus cavity. Analysis can be performed using CBCT radiography.Keywords: Implant, CBCT, maxillary sinus infection.
Objectives: Mandibular bone is generally formed by intramembranous ossification. Bone density mandible can be assessed from the trabecular pattern. In the elderly, the hormone cortisol affects bone formation through bone resorption by blocking calcium. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation of cortisol levels to mandibular bone density in elderly women and men. Materials and Methods: This study was an analytic survey, where the population was determined from secondary patient data in the form of 31 panoramic radiographs and 31 laboratory results of cortisol examination, the research sample was divided into two groups. The bone density of the mandible was assessed from the trabeculae of the neck condyles region of the right and left. Density assessment using the ImageJ software program on panoramic radiographs was an examination that is often done in dentistry. Results: This study showed that the lowest density was in the group of women over 60 years. The results of the t-test with the independent sample obtained a p-value of > 0.05, which indicated there is no significant difference. The negative correlation value indicated that the relationship that occurs is opposite, p-value <0.05 which indicated the lower bone density, the higher cortisol level. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, there was a correlation that with the increasing age of both women and men there was an increase in cortisol levels and a decrease in mandibular density.
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