Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) suggests that learning best takes place in a situation that is equivalent to individual cognitive design. Thus, this article proposes a learning model called Example-Problem-Based Learning (EPBL) which is a combination of two learning strategies: worked-examples and problem-solving. This teaching method guides students to go through several cognitive developments. At the early stages of knowledge acquisition, novice students benefit more from worked-examples, which is a model of problem-solving. After they have gained sufficient knowledge, worked-examples may no longer be appropriate because the positive effects of worked-examples will be lost. Therefore, learning through problem-solving should be applied since students have already equipped themselves with profound domain knowledge. Established in an experiment conducted, the EPBL teaching method enhances students' knowledge acquisitions, learning transfer, and mental effort during learning, as well as increasing their learning efficiency.

Two students can achieve the same performance in a test,

Pendulum Balancing of Linear Servo System consists of a cart driven by a DC motor, via a rack and pinion mechanism to ensure consistent and continuous traction. The cart is also equipped with a rotary joint to which a free turning rod (or pendulum) can be attached. This concept paper proposed a combination of Nominal Characteristic Trajectory Following (NCTF) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) to control the position of the cart and to balance the pendulum. The proposed controllers are expected to have a simple design method and achieved high performances.

Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) is a combustion concept that is characterized by low temperature, partially premixed combustion using early injections, large ignition delays and high percentages of Exhaust Gas Recirculation. This review paper discusses the premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) and the way to reduce the emissions. A promising low-emission combustion concept is used by the premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI). Air and exhaust gas before auto-ignition, the soot and NOx emissions are lower than for conventional diesel combustion by partially mixing the fuel. Fuel lean premixed combustion has potentials to achieve high efficiency and low emissions. The ignitability of lean mixture, flame stability and controlling in this combustion are significant issues to be addressed. The main issues for lean burn intermittent combustion engines are (i) the mixture preparation for lean combustion requires expensive or premium technology and (ii) achieving this combustion over a wide range of load and speed is difficult for a smooth-running engine.

No abstract