Aim: To determine the accuracy of high resolution CT Chest (HRCT) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by taking AFB culture findings as gold standard. Methods: This validation study was conducted in patients referred for HRCT Chest for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in OPD/ Radiology unit of CH & ICH within duration of 6 months from September-2020 to February -2021. Patients with suspicion of PTB were included. In all patients, sputum samples were obtained and the AFB test was performed for diagnosis of PTB. After that high resolution CT Chest (HRCT) was performed for diagnosis of PTB. Results: Mean age was 54.67 ± 12.36 years. Male population 54% and female was 46%. AFB culture results for pulmonary. TB was positive in 44 patients and was negative in 56 patients. HRCT findings were positive for pulmonary TB in 46 patients and were negative in 54 patients (Table 1). The sensitivity of HRCT was 81.8%, specificity of HRCT was 82.1%, PPV was 78.3% and NPV was 85.2% (Table 2). Conclusion: HRCT Chest has a sufficient accuracy for PTB diagnosis taking AFB culture results as gold standard. So HRCT Chest can be opted as imaging modality of choice in patients having mixed plain radiographs findings. This will aid in early identification and starting treatment of PTB. Keywords: Accuracy, high resolution computed tomography, pulmonary tuberculosis.
BACKGROUND Imaging plays a major role in the diagnosis and management of patients with urolithiasis. Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) is generally accepted as the gold standard, but there are concerns over higher radiation exposure from NCCT to the patient population. Our prospective study compared the diagnostic accuracy of plain X-ray KUB (Kidney, Ureter, Bladder) and USG (Ultrasonography) with NCCT in the evaluation of patients with ureteric colic. METHODS This study conducted from December 2018 to January 2020 in the Department of Urology, Vijayanagar Institute of Medical Sciences, and attached Hospital. 230 patients with ureteric colic were evaluated for ureteric calculi with x-ray KUB, USG (Ultrasonography) abdomen and pelvis and NCCT (Non-Contrast Computed Tomography) KUB region. RESULTS Out of 230 patients, 168 (73 %) were males and 62 (26.9 %) were females. Ages of the study population ranged from 18 to 55 yrs. 198 of the 230 patients were confirmed to have ureteric calculus, with lower ureteric calculus 97 (48.9 %), upper ureteric 65 (32.8 %), middle ureteric 29 (14.6 %), and multiple 7 (3.5 %). X-ray and USG (Ultrasonography) group yielded a sensitivity of 86.3 %, a specificity of 87.5 %, positive predictive value 97 %, and negative predictive value 51 %. While On NCCT (Non-Contrast Computed Tomography), a total of 192 patients (96 %) demonstrated ureterolithiasis of the 198 patients confirmed to have ureteric calculi (Table 2). X-ray and USG group yielded a sensitivity of 96.9 %, specificity of 93.6 %, positive predictive value 98.9 %, and negative predictive value 83 %. CONCLUSIONS Combination of x-ray KUB and USG, and NCCT were found to be excellent imaging modalities for the detection of ureteric calculi. X-ray KUB and USG can be used as the first investigation of choice for patients with ureteric colic and for follow up of patients after treatment. KEYWORDS Ureteric Colic, Ureterolithiasis, Ultrasonography
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