Fresh fruits are popular sources of healthy diets with low energy density. Since they are consumed raw, it may act as a source of foodborne disease and a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant organisms. This study aimed to determine microbial prevalence among the fruits sold around hospital along with antimicrobial profiles. Thirty-five different types of fruits were bought from around Dhaka Medical College and Hospital (DMCH) and analyzed for the presence of bacteria. Antibiotic sensitivity, detection of ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase, and MBL positive strains were done by standard methods followed by PCR to detect ESBL, AmpC β-lactamase and MBL genes. Twenty-seven different organisms were isolated: Klebsiella spp. (33.33%), Citrobacter spp. (29.64%), Enterobacter spp. (22.22%), Escherichia coli (11.11%) and Staphylococcus aureus (3.70%). Among them, 48.15% were resistant to different antibiotics. Only one organism (Citrobacter spp.) produced ESBL phenotypically (7.69%). Two (15.38%) were positive for AmpC β-lactamase and one of these (Enterobacter spp.) possessed SHV and CTX-M15A genes by PCR. Imipenem resistance was 84.62% of the antibiotic-resistant organisms and 10 (90.91%) were phenotypically MBL positive. By PCR, one Enterobacter spp. had MBL encoding gene OXA-48. Fresh fruits, contaminated with pathogens, might be a source of resistant organisms' transmission and contribute to public health issues.
Introduction: Caudal epidural anesthesia, when used as a sole method for surgical anesthesia, has favorable effects on the recovery duration and the time spent in the recovery unit. Aim of the Study: The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the efficacy of caudal epidural block for postoperative pain in children in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Paediatrics Anaesthesiology, Surgical ICU in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute; during the period of 1st January 2022 to 30th June 2022. A total 60 patients were selected as study people purposively with the permission of the Hospital Ethics Committee and the informed consent from the parents of the children. Result: A total 60 study patients were selected for this study. 30 patients had given lignocaine (Group-1) and the rest 30 patients had given bupivacaine (Group-2). According to the grading of the children who were administered in two groups good result found in group-2 and it was about 21(70.00%). Maximum fair result 11(36.67%) followed in group-1. The mean of pain duration of children who were administered lignocaine (Group I) was found 7.10±3.35 and bupivacaine (Group II) was found 14.65±2.85. Both data were statistically significant (<0.0001). Conclusion: By understanding the various surgical conditions for caudal analgesia, we conclude that caudal block is a good and safe technique for paediatric patients.
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