The effects of 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) radiation on the vital tissues of Sprague Dawley rats were investigated. The various tissues assessed through histopathological assay were liver, kidney, heart, testis, ovary, fallopian tube, prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis. The animals were exposed to various level of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) which were 0 (control), 0.48, 0.95, 1.43, 1.91 and 2.39 W/kg using the microwave generator, model ER660E, Serial No MX704CCR from Toshiba UK Ltd for maximum period of ten minutes. From the results it was observed that the kidney and ovary were the most affected tissues in the female animals exposed to 2.45 GHz MW radiation when compared to the control. Hyperchromasia was observed in the ovary of the animals exposed to MW radiation. Vascular/glomerular congestion, interstitial spaces hemorrhage and tubular cells cloudiness was observed in the kidney. In the male animals, the testis and liver were the most affected organs when compared with control. There was reduction in the number of germ cells and cell disorganization observed from the testis of exposed group. The degree of reduction in the number of the germ cells varies with SARs, highest reduction was observed in the group V exposed to 2.39 W/kg which suggest that MW radiation has the potential to affects male fertility adversely. Oodema, cloudiness, glomeruli congestion was observed in the liver. There is no significant proof that the microwave radiation at this study frequency produces pathologic effects on the tissue studied except for the decrease in the number of germ cells and modification of some organs.
The genotoxic effects of 2.45 GHz microwave (MW) radiation on the testis and ovary of Sprague Dawley rats was investigated. The animals were exposed to varying levels of specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0 (control), 0.48, 0.95, 1.43, 1.91, 2.39, 2.90, 3.40, 3.80 and 4.30 Wkg-1 , for 10 min. The induction of DNA damages was assessed using DNA direct amplification of length polymorphisms (DALP) and validated with single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) comet assay for same cells at SAR 2.39 Wkg-1. Potential damage at the organ level was assessed by histopathological study. The results show significant differences in the Olive moment and % DNA in the blood of the exposed animals when compared with the control (p < 0.05). Hyperchromasia was observed in the ovary of the animals exposed to MW radiation. Also, there was reduction in the number of germ cells and cell disorganization in the testis of exposed group with increasing SARs. These results suggest that MW radiation has the potential to affect both male and female fertility adversely.
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