Breast cancer among young women is a relatively uncommon. Many of the times the diagnosis is delayed in these patients owing to the reluctance of surgeons to subject young females to mammography because of the involved radiation. Current study was conducted to study various aspects of carcinoma breast occurring in patients younger than 40 years of age. Material and Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in the surgery department in which 57 patients less than 40 years of age and diagnosed to be having carcinoma breast were included on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The risk factors, clinical presentation, staging and outcome were studied in these cases. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS16.0 version software. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The most common affected age group was found to be between 35-40 years (56.14%). Common symptoms included lump in breast (100%), pain (19.29%) and discharge (17.54%). Majority of the patients had their first child birth at age less than 20 years. Upper outer quadrant was the most commonly affected site (56.14%) and nipple retraction (19.29%) was the most common sign in the studied cases. Most common tumor and clinical staging were found to be T3 (33.33%) and T III B (28.07%) respectively. Surgery and hormonal therapy were the most common treatment modalities given to these patients (85%). Most common histopathological type was found to be infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Our study concludes that age less than 40 yrs is associated with diagnosis of breast cancer at an advanced stage and young patients presenting with breast lumps should not in any way be considered different from relatively older patients and all standard screening and diagnostic investigations must be carried out for early diagnosis and proper interventions.
Background: Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. The colorectal cancer has varied presentation and often patients present in late stages of disease. Pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels are indicative of tumor stage and thus are predictive of prognosis. However, the importance of post-operative CEA value is seldom discussed and utility of this clinically relevant parameter needs to be established to predict survival of subjects after surgical resection of tumor. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to understand the colorectal malignancy in a group of population and evaluate its complexity, clinical presentations, modalities of treatment, and its complications. Furthermore, we aimed to access predictive utility of post-operative CEA levels for forecasting the long-term outcome in the patient. Materials and Methods: All subjects with diagnosed cases of colorectal malignancy were included in the study. The subjects presenting complaints were clinically examined and the observations were noted. Colonoscopy and histopathological investigations were scheduled, and based on CT findings, further management was planned. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels were assessed in pre-operative and post-operative serum sample. Follow-up was done at regular intervals. CEA levels in subjects with different outcome were compared retrospectively. Results: The most common age group of subjects with colorectal malignancies was 51–60 years. Bleeding per rectum was the most common symptom and the most common sign was per rectal palpable mass. Laparoscopic surgery had less hospital stay, less blood loss, and lower rate of wound site infection. The pre-operative CEA levels were found to be matched; however, post-operative CEA levels were found to be significantly elevated in non-survivor subjects compared to those who survived. Conclusion: Patients with high post-operative CEA values should be closely followed up for relapse and dealt with more caution to reduce the mortality.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.