ArticleThe life expectancy of men is nearly 8 years less than that of women, and social factors are known to contribute to the morbidity and mortality rates of men. Men in almost all age groups have higher mortality rates from non-sexspecific diseases than women (Chagas, Zilli, Ferreira, Moretti, & Ramos, 2009). The differences in the rates of morbidity and mortality between men and women may well be explained by genetic and hormonal factors, lifestyle, and habits (alcohol, smoking, working conditions), but they could also be a consequence of the way in which men are raised and the way in which gender roles are assigned in different societies. Therefore, in the process of acquiring a masculine role, men adopt behaviors that subjectively, but ostensibly, renounce that they are childish, homosexual, or feminine. In an effort to renounce these features, behaviors that are associated with sensitivity and tenderness are suppressed. This includes the denial of pain. Men would reduce their self-preservation in an effort to affirm the role of a strong provider and leader (Braz, 2005). The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been one of the key concerns for health professionals and organizations worldwide. Some of the World Health Organization (WHO) projections forecast a 250% increase in morbidity and mortality events due to cardiovascular diseases in the Brazilian population. Intervention programs that could reduce cardiovascular risk factors among Brazilians are thus urgently needed (Chagas et al., 2009 AbstractThe mortality rate of men is generally higher than that of women, irrespective of the age group. Currently, a key concern for health care professionals is the prevalence of risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence of individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among men serving in the Military Police Corps of the state of Bahia, Brazil. This service employs mostly men, and they are known to experience high levels of occupational stress and professional victimization. We conducted a cross-sectional study among military police soldiers (n = 452) who were candidates for a military police training course in Bahia, Brazil. All candidates who attended the selection process were evaluated according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Panel III in order to assess the presence of medical disorders that could contribute to cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. The authors identified a high prevalence of hypertension (55.76%), hypertriglyceridemia (50.85%), waist circumference of >102 cm (31.76%), low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (30.46%), and impaired fasting glucose (28.15%) in our subjects. The overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 38.54%. The authors suggest that measures should be taken to ensure that military policemen receive continued medical care, both in their professional capacity and in their personal circu...

ArticleMen have a shorter lifespan and a higher mortality rate than women in almost all age groups. Male gender is the most important demographic factor contributing to premature death (Braz, 2005). Although the labor market has undergone great changes in industrial societies, men are still characteristically identified with heavy load services, such as mining, tunneling, construction, work on offshore platforms, and so on. Thus, they are more exposed to accidents and occupational diseases, which result in varying degrees of morbidity, disability, and death. AbstractMen generally have a lower life expectancy and higher mortality than women in nearly all age groups. Military police, whose main activity in Brazil is the maintenance of public order and the prevention of crimes and transgressions of the laws, is mostly composed of men; it is also a risky and stressful profession generally related to poor quality of life. Considering that risk factors for disease and death from cardiovascular causes-including the multiple risk factor metabolic syndrome-are mostly related to lifestyle and associated with impaired quality of life, this study aims to provide a theoretical basis for other studies about the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among police officers. In a theoretical study, the authors present an interdisciplinary review based on studies on the health and quality of life of men in general and policemen in their specificity; published studies were selected according to the key words: men, health, quality of life, police, metabolic syndrome; they should also have been published in the past 15 years and available in the Scientific Electronic Library Online-SciELO-and in the Public Medline-PubMed. In conclusion, military policemen have a risky profession, whose conditions may contribute to low quality of life, illness, and mortality from cardiovascular causes; these conditions indicate a need for the characterization of metabolic syndrome in this population as an important element for promotion of health. Studying these conditions may contribute to the adoption of comprehensive and continuing care for military policemen's integral health. Keywords men's health, quality of life, metabolic syndrome, military police

This study was performed in order to broaden the understanding of anorexia nervosa as a paradigmatic condition among eating disorders, considering the principle that individual and collective factors are fundamental in the construction of health and disease phenomena. The study is divided into three parts; in this one – the first - historical, etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed; in the second part, the discussion involves the contributions of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, also in an interdisciplinary arrangement, as well as the third part - which concludes the study - presents a theoretical essay on the use of some homeopathic medicines applicable to the treatment of anorexia nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity of the Homeopathic Doctrine. A bibliographic review was performed over the state of the art of the clinical condition anorexia nervosa, using the PubMed search platform. Although each part of the study has an independent context, the reader will benefit from reading and understanding the three parts, since the interdisciplinary arrangement reinforces the understanding of the subject studied in its general and specific aspects. The first part is presented with emphasis on the etiological, epidemiological, clinical and familial aspects of the disorder, but always emphasizing the interaction with social determinants in the genesis of anorexia nervosa. It is concluded that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and can broaden understanding over the genesis of human suffering – as occurs in the clinical condition anorexia nervosa - thus bringing patients closer to the most effective therapies, in a holistic perspective.

This study was performed to broaden the understanding of Anorexia Nervosa as a paradigmatic condition among eating disorders, considering the principle that individual and collective factors are fundamental in the construction of health and disease phenomena. This study is divided into three parts; in the first part - historical, etiologic, epidemiologic and clinical aspects are discussed; in the second part – this one -, the discussion involves the contributions of Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology, also in an interdisciplinary arrangement; the third part - which concludes the study - presents a theoretical essay on the use of some homeopathic medicines at least theoretically applicable to the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity of the Homeopathic Doctrine. A bibliographic review was performed using the PubMed search platform. Although each part of the study has an independent context, the reader will benefit from reading and understanding the three parts. The second part – this one - is presented with emphasis on contributions of some of the main social sciences – Psychology, Anthropology and Sociology – and discusses theoretical concepts expressed by Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Jacques Lacan, Clifford Geertz, Marcel Mauss, among other scientists - always emphasizing the interaction between individual and collective factors as contributors to the genesis of Anorexia Nervosa. It is concluded that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and can broaden understanding over the genesis of human suffering – as occurs in the clinical condition Anorexia Nervosa - thus bringing patients closer to the most effective therapies, in a holistic perspective.

The protection and conservation of a healthy environment is a fundamental human right and an obligation for everyone. The aggressions to the environment practiced by human beings have caused damage to different species of life, to human health and to the ecosystem as a whole. The ineffectiveness of many of the proposals for environmental protection is probably associated with the utilitarian view that human beings have regarding other living beings and the natural environment – a distorted view linked to the anthropocentric paradigm. Scholars have proposed the adoption of the biocentric paradigm - which considers that all non-human living beings have an intrinsic value independent of human expectations, or the ecocentric paradigm - which considers the interdependence between all living beings and the natural environment as fundamental for the survival of life on the planet. Through the methodology of integrative review, the author analyzes the concepts presented by scholars in studies on the environment, and the central paradigms in their discussions, which mostly point to the need for evolution towards the biocentric or ecocentric paradigms.

The great effectiveness of proton pump inhibitors [PPIs] in reducing gastric acid secretion is crucial for their wide therapeutic use, overlapping with other antacids such as H2 receptor antagonists. The main situations in which the use of PPIs is a recommended therapeutic practice are: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, prevention and treatment of peptic ulcers associated or not with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or Helicobacter pylori infection. The present analytical-descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out through the analysis of medical records of patients from the Ambulatory of Internal Medicine of the Ambulatório Professor Francisco Magalhães Neto- (Outpatient Clinic) - part of the Complexo Hospitalar Universitário Professor Edgar Santos, Federal University of Bahia, in the year 2016; its main objectives were to outline the clinical profiles of patients using PPIs or not, in addition to the characteristics of the prescriptions, seeking to understand the therapeutic use related to the main morbidities. Regarding the socio-epidemiological profile of the patients studied, it was concluded that the population was characteristically elderly and composed of women; the assessment of the level of formal education was hampered because in most cases there was no specific record; about religion, most of the cases studied had no record, and the most declared was the Catholic Christian; about the functional status most patients declared themselves retired. The clinical profile of the patients, characteristics of the prescriptions, and the general conclusions will be addressed in Part II of this study – in the following article.

Being a man is considered a risk factor for illness and death from cardiovascular causes; men in general have a lower life expectancy than women and higher mortality from all causes not related to sex in all age groups. The military policemen profession is recognized as full of stress and has high levels of professional victimization. Military Police Corporations are mostly formed by men, and the study of the health of the military policemen can be considered equivalent activity to the study of the health of men. This present study is part of the first author’s doctoral thesis work whose theme was focused on the health of men; it was studied a convenience sample of 452 soldiers, selected by personnel administration by working time criterion, to submit to Corporals Training Course. It was sought to characterize the cardiovascular risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome; cardiovascular risk was also assessed by applying the Framingham’s score; it was found a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in the studied group, with emphasis on hypertension (52.55%) and hypertriglyceridemia (46.34%), the metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 35.03%. Cardiovascular risk by Framingham’s score showed strata of medium and high risk more frequent in individuals with metabolic syndrome than in those without the syndrome. The risk of a cardiovascular event in 10 years in the group with middle and high level of risk was also more frequent among individuals in the older (= or> 45 years) than in the younger group (<45 years). It is concluded that there’s a high prevalence of cardiovascular risks in the studied group, and that there’s a need for continued attention directed to integral health care of men in the military police corps.

This study was developed with the main objective of broadening the understanding of Anorexia Nervosa, as a paradigmatic condition among Eating Disorders, using the contributions of scientific knowledge from Allopathic Medicine, Homeopathic Medicine and Psychosomatics, Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology. A literature review was carried out, using the PubMed search platform, in addition to the specialized literature of Homeopathic Medicine, such as Repertory and Materia Medica. The study is divided into three parts: the first addresses historical and etiological aspects, physical and mental clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment; the second part addresses individual and collective components (micro and macro social) in the construction of the disease, using the theoretical contributions from Sociology, Anthropology and Psychology; the third and last part – this one - deals with theoretical aspects of some homeopathic medicines, at least theoretically capable of being useful in the treatment of Anorexia Nervosa, considering the Law of Similarity, contained in the Homeopathic Doctrine. Homeopathic medicines listed in both Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia conditions were selected when concordant in both rubrics in the Repertory. Among the six selected medicines, the subjective analysis of the dynamics of the psyche and the manifestations of the upper digestive tract present in the abstract picture of Anorexia Nervosa were more consistent with the homeopathic medicine Ignatia Amara. The author concludes that interdisciplinary studies are necessary and relevant, in addition to being able to broaden the understanding of the mechanisms of human suffering, and may contribute to more effective therapies, according to the Principle of Similarity of Homeopathic Doctrine.