Objective: To determine the frequency of primary and secondary enuresis in the children presenting at outpatient department of Tertiary Care Hospital. Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Combined Military Hospital Malir, Karachi, from Feb to July 2019. Methodology: A total of 1200 children with age range of 5-12 years were included in the study. Children presenting with severe acute illness or those with non-willing caregivers were excluded from the study. Result: Out of the total 1200 study participants, 167 (13.9%) children gave the history of enuresis. There were 109 (65.6%) boys and 58 (34.4%) girls. The children with primary enuresis were 141 (84.3%) while 26 (15.62%) children had secondary enuresis. About 31 (18.7%) children had daytime enuresis, 115 (68.5%) had night-time and 21 (12.5%) children had both day and night time bed wetting. About 57 (34.37%) children previously got the treatment for enuresis which included fluid restriction in 21 (12.5%) and desmopressin in 36 (21.87%). Out of them 52 (91.2%) children showed complete response while 5 (8.77%) showed incomplete response. Conclusion: Our study found that enuresis is more frequent among boys. Primary enuresis is more common than secondary enuresis and nocturnal enuresis is more common than diurnal enuresis.
Objectives: To compare the efficacy of leviracetam and phenytoin as a sole agent in the control of neonatal seizure due to grade II HIE. Methodology: A Prospective comparative study was conducted in the neonatal ICU of Combined Military Hospital Malir Cantt for 7 months from June 2020 to Dec 2020. Total 60 cases of grade II HIE due to perinatal asphyxia were reported during the study period and were enrolled using simple consecutive sampling technique. Their demographic data, clinical features and frequencies of the selected known risk factors for perinatal asphyxia were recorded. The samples were randomized into two groups using alternate sampling technique. Group A was given I/V Phenytoin while group B was given I/V Laveracetam. The response was measured in terms of seizure control with single drug. Results: Out of 60 neonates 35(58.33 %) were preterm. Observed risk factors for perinatal asphyxia included gestational diabetes 14(23.3%), pregnancy induced hypertension 10(16.7%), meconium stained liquor 9(15%), fetal bradycardia 8(13.3%) and maternal infections 2(3.3%). Phenytoin alone controlled seizures in 22 (73.3%) cases and was found significantly better than Laveracetam which alone controlled seizures in 19(63.3%) cases. (P-value < 0.001) Conclusion: Perinatal asphyxia is more common in preterm neonates. Gestational diabetes is the most common risk factor for perinatal asphyxia. Phenytoin is significantly better first line sole antiepileptic agent than Laveracetam.
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