Background: Malaria and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infections are recognized cofactors in the genesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma, the most common pediatric cancer in equatorial Africa.
Objective: To detect Epstein - Barr virus in malaria positive patients in Khartoum state
Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Khartoum State hospitals during the period from April 2018 to April 2019. Fifty specimens from malaria positive patients (16 males and 34 females) were collected and tested by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of EBV.
Results: Out of the 50 malaria positive patients samples tested by PCR, EBV was detected in 5 (10%) samples.
Conclusion: The rate of EBV infection among Sudanese malaria patients was low (10 %, 5/50).
In this article, a soft robot arm that has the ability to twist in two directions is designed. This continuum arm is inspired by the twisting movements of the human upper limb. In this novel continuum arm, two contractor pneumatic muscle actuators (PMA) are used in parallel, and a self-bending contraction actuator (SBCA) is laid between them to establish the twisting movement. The proposed soft robot arm has additional features, such as the ability to contract and bend in multiple directions. The kinematics for the proposed arm is presented to describe the position of the distal end centre according to the dimensions and positions of the actuators and the bending angle of the SBCA in different pressurized conditions. Then, the rotation behaviour is controlled by a high precision controller system.
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