Background: In the spread of COVID-19 Less exposure to iodine affects the health of the pregnant woman and fetus, causing miscarriages and premature births. low birth weight, anemia and hypothyroidism in newborns. Changes in levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone besides genetics, and many environmental factors can also affect thyroid function. This research aims to study the impact of environmental factors on thyroid-stimulating hormone in newborns. Methods: The sample consisted of 134 postpartum women randomly selected by simple method from 807 postpartum women in 2020-2022. The data were collected between June-July 2022 by interviewing social, environment, and household economy. Lifestyle, Iodine salt intake, drugs, iodine supplements and quality antenatal care correlation with Thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined by multiple logistic regression, adjusted odd ratio (ORadj), and 95%Confidence Interval (95% CI) were presented. Results: The results revealed that 67.7% were pregnant aged 20-34 years, 50.7% took iodized salt before pregnancy, 67.2% consumed during pregnancy, 45.5% received salt during antenatal care, 30.6% took folate(B9) before pregnancy,53.0%took antenatal care qualitatively and took iodine supplementation (57.5% daily intake, 29.9% intake 4-6 days/week, 11.9% intake 2-3 days/week). Most of them consume high iodine foods not variety and not frequent enough. High iodine supplements/diet intake, household income, COVID-19 infection, and antenatal care qualitatively were not significant. The significant correlation factor was not eating iodized salt, low education level and residing in the sub-district administrative organization. The results of the correlation analysis using Backward elimination showed that positively correlated with pregnant women whose husbands drink alcohol were hypothyroidism 0.3 times (95%CI=0.10-0.66), husbands smoking 0.4 times (95% CI=0.20-0.94, and pre-pregnancy malnutrition were 2.6 times (95%CI=1.17-5.74). Conclusions: The findings iodine affects to health of pregnant women and fetuses, Therefore, a more rigorous monitoring system for Iodized salt should be designed to encourage a higher rate of pregnant women to take iodine supplementation daily.
Background: Thailand has been fighting AIDS for more than 30 years, with some success in lowering the number of new HIV cases and deaths, but the country still has a high HIV infection rate and struggles with unfair discrimination linked to both HIV and gender. Methods: This action research was undertaken to reduce self-stigmatization of HIV-infected people in Akat Amnuay Hospital. The participants included 67 infected HIV cases at Antiretroviral clinic. Data collection was conducted from June 2022 to December 2022. Data collection from group activity, and individual follow-up. Qualitative data were analyzed by classification, inferential analyzing, interpret meaning, conclusions and explain explorer. Descriptive statistics and paired t-tests were analysis. Results: The study found that Self stigma reduction programs of HIV infected people gained an understanding of the stages of self-management, enabling them to resolve issues correctly and have a positive impact on their own health. It also found that participants' self-stigma scores before and after the intervention differed significantly, and that self-stigmatism decreased significantly at.000. Conclusions: The development of one's own power is one of the results of a program to reduce self-stigma. by spending more time dealing with unfavorable attitudes. Recognize your own worth and adopt a positive outlook. It is advantageous for hospital staff who oversee the HIV clinic to put in place a procedure for lowering self-stigma in new patients, patients who have missed appointments, and patients who take the medication erratically and experience complications.
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