Background: Gastro-Esophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a very common problem in a gastrointestinal clinical setting. Still, the best treatment for it remains debatable as there are many new drugs that have evolved for its treatment in addition to dietary modification.Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazole (modified-release 60 mg) and esomeprazole (40 mg) for the resolution of symptoms of GERD.Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial or intervention was conducted for comparing the clinical efficacy of Dexlansoprazolevs Esomeprazole for the symptomatic treatment of GERD.A total of 100 endoscopically diagnosed patients were selected and were randomly allocated to two groups each containing 50 patients. Group 'A' contained 50 patients who were given 60 mg Dexlansoprazole for 2 weeks and group 'B' also contained the same number of patients receiving the treatment with Esomeprazole 40 mg for the same duration.After informed consent, a validated tool FSSG (Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of GERD) was used to collect the responses of patients. The Chi-square test was used to compare the responses of two groups considering a P-value of <0.05 as significant.Results: Among domains of frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD, only dysphagia was significantly better in Dexlansoprazole group, P-valueof< 0.05 while rest of the symptoms were statistically same with a p-value of > 0.05.Conclusion: This study concluded that the symptomatic relief of GERD after 2 weeks of therapy with Esomeprazole and Dexlansoprazole was the same except for dysphagia.Keywords: Dexlansoprazole, Esomeprazole,Gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Background: Hepatitis E is one of the most common diseases during pregnancy which can cause increased mortality and devastating complications. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of Pregnant Women towards Hepatitis E Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Maqsood Medical Complex General Hospital for a duration of six months. The sampling technique was non probability convenient sampling. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women in first trimester aged between18 and 45 years. Patients with molar pregnancy and those having history of gastrointestinal disorders were excluded from the study. A total of 100 patients were taken Results: Among women 80% heard about Hepatitis E, 81% known a person ever infected with viral infection, 60% don’t know that this infection was caused by virus, only 46% reported that they knew that It was transmitted through contaminated food and water, 56% reported that they knew it was transmitted by blood transfusion, 54% reported that they knew it can be transmitted sexually, 45% knew that it can be transmitted from mother to fetus, 61% reported that they knew that Hepatitis E is more dangerous in pregnancy, only 26% reported that they knew it can cause hepatic failure and only 38% reported that they knew there is vaccination of Hepatitis E. Questions regarding attitude of women towards Hepatitis-E showed that only 45% reported that they were at risk of getting Hepatitis-E infection Conclusion: From the above results one can conclude that there was good awareness of hepatitis E among pregnant women, yet there is a need for more health education and vaccination drive to reduce its mortality. Keywords: Hepatitis E, Pregnancy
Background: Hepatitis E is an acute viral hepatitis which can significant complications and even death during pregnancy if left unreated. Objective: Assessment of the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions (KAP) of Pregnant Women towards Hepatitis E vaccination. Materials and Methods: The study was cross sectional in design was done at Maqsood Medical Complex General Hospital from September 2022 till Feb 2023. The sampling technique was non probability convenient sampling. The inclusion criteria were pregnant females in all the trimesters and exclusion criteria were non pregnant women and those with history of molar pregnancies. Results: Regarding knowledge , 87% of the study population had heard of hepatitis E as a potential disease that can cause harm during the pregnancy and 50% heard of protective vaccine for it whole 20% didn’t heard about and 30% didn’t have any idea about it at all. While assessing the perceptions of the patients about screening for hepatitis E infecton.47% were screened for hepatitis E and 53% didn’t have any screening test for the virus.80% considered it to be important to vaccinated against hepatitis E.
Background: Despite the world over recognition of bullying it still remains an understudied area which needs further research. Furthermore, the administrations and heads of departments are reluctant to acknowledge that there is occurrence bullying in their institution.Objective: To identify bullying behaviors experienced by post graduate residents in clinical environment and the strategies used for coping with them.Material and Methods: A total of 355 participants were taken. Two tools were used to collect the necessary data, consisted of three parts:Negative Acts Questionnaire,Brief COPE Inventory; and a demographic sheet. Results: There were 125(35.21%) participants who were used to giving up the attempt to cope, I've been getting emotional support from others was told by 116(32.67%), I've been blaming myself for things that happened was reportedby 111(31.26%), I've been criticizing myself was told by 107(30.14%). Others coping strategies (now and then, monthly, weekly daily) were identified as praying or meditating by 295(83.09%) participants, learning to live with it by 291(81.97%) and thinking hard about what steps to take by 291(81.97). The bullying behaviors experienced by residents were having your opinions and views ignored were reported by 259(72.95%), 247(69.57%) told about being ordered to do work below your level of competence, blaming myself for things that happened for 244(68.73%), repeated reminders of your errors or mistakes by 239(67.32%). Conclusion: It is concluded that bullying is major problem and must be minimized in new residents by making it part of curriculum or polices of various institutions. Keywords: Workplace, bullying, mental torture, workload, residents.
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