The variation of reinforcement details, confinement and joints angle are considerable factors which affect the ultimate limit moment of joints and joints efficiency. The variation of joint size is another factor that significantly affects the ultimate limit moment of joints and frame joints efficiency. These previous factors were not considered in design. Corners may be subjected to closing moments, which subject to tensile stresses in the outside of the corner, or to opening moments, which cause tensile stresses in the inside of the corner. The last type of moments arise more detailing problems. Opening joints may be found in retaining walls water tanks, open channels, bridge abutments, high rises due to wind effect, frame structures, etc. in the other hand the closing joint may be found in two hinged and fixed frames and underground water tanks. Hence two types of joints should be compared.The presented paper introduces an experimental and analytical study in order to investigate the effect of reinforcement details, confinement, joints size, joints angle on the frame joints efficiency and comparison between closing joints and opening joints. Experimentally, a total of eleven specimens were tested under vertical load. All specimens were tested up to failure and the behaviour was fully monitored. Moreover, a nonlinear 3D-finite element analysis was established using ABAQUS program and verified with the experimental results in order to give design recommendations for those structural elements.
Based on a comprehensive review of both previous studies and implemented practices in the field of construction structures, it’s obvious that reinforcing steel bar’s length is limited. Consequently, lap-splices are commonly used in reinforced concrete (RC) structures to solve such problem. Generally, in the design process,safety and serviceability must be satisfied. In essence, in beams with lap splices it’s important to check the ductility, since some variables as fire of RC beams can change the behavior. The present paper aims to validate the effect of fire on the flexural ductility behavior of reinforced concrete beam with lap splice. An experimentaltest Program of thirteen simply supported RC beams with lap-splices were designed, cast and tested in laboratory. The main selected variables are: concrete cover, temperature and fire exposure duration. Results show that; under fire effect with different concrete cover, duration and temperature over the lap-splices zone has major effects on the ductility of RC beams. As, the ductility of beams decreases when the temperature and fire duration increases. Furthermore, ductility of RC beams increases as concrete cover increases under similar conditions. Collectively,this study shows that the fire has a major effect on the bond strength of lap-spliced RC beams and ductility has different behavior when compared with non-fired beam. Consequently, codes have to take fire effects on the lapsplice in design process.
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