In the present research, mosquito fish Gambusia affinis have been exposed to lead chloride during 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours in order to evaluate the lead chloride lethal 50 (LC50) concentration and the Its residue in certain organs of fish. Usage of the EPA computer software based on Finney Probit Analysis method has been statistically tested for the data collected LC50 values of G. affinis if 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours were found to be 59.4, 55.9, 51.1 and 49. 0 mg/L, respectively. LC50 decreased as mean exposure times. 20 fish were placed in each concentration of four sublethal concentrations 20 and 25 mg/L for two acute periods 24 and 96 hours as well as 10 and 5 mg/l for chronic periods 15 and 30 hours. The testes were carried out as three replications, the accumulation of lead in various fish organs was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The finding revealed that the accumulation of PbCl2 on different organs of G. affinis be time dependent fashion and Pbcontent in organs increased significantly time dependent at chronic exposure as compared as acute-exposure.
Heavy material pollution is one of the most critical threats to fish stocks around the world. Lead is one of the essential heavy elements that directly or indirectly affect fish. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sublethal concentration of lead chloride PbCl2 on the brain of Gambusia affinis. For this purpose, 90 fish were used, which were divided into nine groups, each group containing ten fish. They divided into a control group, the acute treatment groups included four groups exposed to concentrations of 20 and 25 mg/L of PbCl2 for 24 and 96 hours, respectively. At the same time, the chronic treatment included four groups exposed to concentrations of 5 and 10 mg/L of PbCl2 for 15 and 30 days, respectively. The results showed that there were histological lesions that appeared in all the treated fish compared to the control group. These lesions appeared in different degrees of concentration and duration of use. Among the most prominent of these tissue changes that were repeated in the treatments were degeneration, vacuolar degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, congestion and oedema as well as disintegration between different brain tissues. The study concluded that lead chloride has a very harmful effect on brain tissues and that chronic exposure leads to irreversible histological lesions.
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