This study aimed to describe factors associated with the experience of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) among rape survivors, Participants were female survivors of rape with a treatment center in South Africa (Blacks =85% and 15% coloureds population, age range =18 to 55 years). Data collection was done through interviewing all rape survivors who agreed to participate in this study using PDS-5 PTSD diagnostic tool. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, phi-crammer and regression analysis were used to determine the relationship of PTSD and the demographic data .About 74.5% of rape survivors had high PSTD. PSTD symptoms were most elevated among those with high religiosity only among all the demographics that were tested with PTSD.
Background: The psychometric properties of a clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana have not been evaluated. A lack of reliable and valid clinical assessment tools contributes to inconsistencies in clinical assessment in midwifery programmes.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the internal consistency and content validity of a clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana.Method: For internal consistency, we calculated the total-item correlation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. For content validity, subject matter experts completed a checklist to evaluate the relevance and clarity of each competency in the clinical assessment tool. The checklist included questions with Likert-scale responses, indicating the level of agreement.Results: The clinical assessment tool had a good reliability, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.837. The corrected item total correlation values ranged from –0.043 to 0.880 and the Cronbach’s alpha (if item deleted) ranged from 0.079 to 0.865. Overall content validity ratio was 0.95, and content validity index was 0.97. Item content validity indices ranged from 0.8 to 1.0. The overall scale content validity index was 0.97 and the scale content validity index using universal agreement was 0.75.Conclusion: The clinical assessment tool used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana has acceptable reliability. Most of the competencies included in the clinical assessment tool were relevant and clear. Certain competencies need to be reviewed to improve the reliability and validity of the clinical assessment tool.Contribution: The clinical assessment tool currently used in the postgraduate midwifery programme in Botswana had acceptable internal consistency reliability and validity.
Although roll-out of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been reported to have changed contexts of HIV risk in areas where it was well-implemented. The rate of its uptake and retention amongst young females has not been described in Gauteng Province. This paper aimed at assessing PrEP uptake and retention among young females in Gauteng Province. Total of young females who tested HIV across five clinics from 01/January/2017 to 31/December/2020 was 19,671 with 17,937 tested HIV negative. Of the HIV tested negative, PrEP was initiated to 1307 (7%). The analysis revealed that 27% of young females returned for their first follow up visit after PrEP initiation, while third month declined to 14%, fourth month to 11%, and fifth month to 3%, sixth month to 2% and seventh month at 1% and from the eighth month, the rate of follow up was 0%. Uptake and retention of PrEP was low among young females as measured against the total tested HIV negative.
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