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The past few years have witnessed the emergence of a novel paradigm called cloud computing. CC aims to provide computation and resources over the internet via dynamic provisioning of services. There are several challenges and issues associated with implementation of CC. This research paper deliberates on one of CC main problems i.e. load balancing (LB). The goal of LB is equilibrating the computation on the cloud servers such that no host is under/ overloaded. Several LB algorithms have been implemented in literature to provide effective administration and satisfying customer requests for appropriate cloud nodes, to improve the overall efficiency of cloud services, and to provide the end user with more satisfaction. An efficient LB algorithm improves efficiency and asset's usage through effectively spreading the workload across the system's different nodes. This review research paper objective is to present critical study of existing techniques of LB, to discuss various LB parameters i.e. throughput, performance, migration time, response time, overhead, resource usage, scalability, fault tolerance, power savings, etc. The research paper also discusses the problems of LB in the CC environment and identifies the need for a novel LB algorithm that employs FT metrics. It has been found that traditional LB algorithms are not good enough and they do not consider FT efficiency metrics for their operation. Hence, the research paper identifies the need for FT efficiency metric in LB algorithms which is one of the main concerns in cloud environments. A novel algorithm that employs FT in LB is therefore proposed.

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Abstract-Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a network of a number of mobile routers and associated hosts, organized in a random fashion via wireless links [16]. During recent years MANET has gained enormous amount of attention and has been widely used for not only military purposes but for search-andrescue operations, intelligent transportation system, data collection, virtual classrooms and ubiquitous computing [14]. Service Discovery is one of the most important issues in MANET. It is defined as the process of facilitating service providers to advertise their services in a dynamic way and to allow consumers to discover and access those services in an efficient and scalable manner [20]. In this paper, we are proposing a flexible and efficient approach to service discovery for MANET by extending the work of [5]. Most of the service discovery protocols proposed in literature don't provide an appropriate route from consumer to service provider. Hence after services are discovered, a route request needs to be initiated in order to access the service. In this paper, we are proposing a robust and flexible approach to service discovery for MANET that not only discovers a service provider in the vicinity of a node, but at the same time, it also provides a route to access the service. We have extended the approach proposed in [5] for efficiency by adding the push capabilities to service discovery

Abstract-Service Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) is a difficult task because of the dynamic nature of such networks. The availability of the services in MANET varies with respect to time and location. However, the service discovery requests issued by a consumer in one session are correlated, in most of the cases. If we can find out the correlation among the services and piggyback one service response with others in advance, we can gain improvement in performance. By utilizing this correlation property among service discovery requests, we have proposed a novel approach to Service Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. We have simulated the proposed approach in JIST/SWANS simulator and the results have shown significant performance improvement.