T HE DEVELOPMENT of advanced techniques as Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) involves computer controlled dynamic MLC motion and results in numerous steep dose gradients. Thus specific quality assurance (QA) became essential requirement to meet this complexity. The conventional dosimetery techniques, such as ionization chamber, point dose measurements and film dosimetry, are gradually being replaced by detector arrays which can produce accurate results immediately. There are many detector arrays available in the Market. We have used one of these commercial systems named Octavius 4 D. We analyzed the warming behavior of our detector array. We studied the dose and dose rate linearity. We assessed the response of the detectors to the change in field size. The OCTAVIUS phantom rotates synchronously with the gantry, taking time-and gantry angle-resolved dose measurements. The accuracy of the synchronizing motion of the phantom was validated. We performed the verification of 26 IMRT & VMAT plans of different cases (head and neck, brain, breast and prostate) using the common criteria 3%/3mm and passing threshold rate >95%. We tested the sensitivity of our QA system and investigated the factors that might affect its performance. It was found that the detector array response is stable after warming up with 800 MU, the dose rate measurements and the dose response is linear with R2=0.929 and the dose response of the output factors shows a similar trend. The Octavius phantom was found to be moving in a synchronizing motion. The gamma index for the clinical IMRT plans were found to be 93.3%, 98.0 %, 95.5% and 96.2% for head and neck, prostate, breast and brain cases, and for VMAT plans are 96.3%, 99.4 %, 98.1% and 98.6% for head and neck, prostate, breast and brain, respectively, using gamma criteria 3%/3 mm. The aim of this work is to characterize and validate the Octavius 4D detector array. We also aim at evaluating this system for dose measurement of our VMAT and IMRT treatment plans.
The archive of Apollonia alias Senmonthis and her family's papers is particularly interesting because the family lived in two different worlds. Pathyris, where they lived, had received several Greek immigrants and soldiers after the great revolt in the second century B.C. The archive illustrates an image of the political, social, and cultural situations of this bicultural family. The question which is discussed in this paper is: Did her daughters follow in their mother's footsteps? Apollonia's family was a good model for a mixed marriage in a bicultural society. This paper goes deeply through this family to recognize such coexistence through documents of Apollonia the mother and her daughters.
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