Correction to Genotypic detection of rifampicin and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains by DNA sequencing: a randomized trial Amina Abdelaal, Hassan Abd El-Ghaffar, Mohammad Hosam Eldeen Zaghloul, Noha El mashad, Ehab Badran, Amal Fathy Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials 2009, 8:4 (30 January 2009)

Background: Tuberculosis is a growing international health concern. It is the biggest killer among the infectious diseases in the world today. Early detection of drug resistance allows starting of an appropriate treatment. Resistance to drugs is due to particular genomic mutations in specific genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB). The aim of this study was to identify the presence of Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin(RIF) drug resistance in new and previously treated tuberculosis (TB) cases using DNA sequencing.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common serious complication in cirrhotic patients. The aim of this work is to determine the microbiological causes and their susceptibility pattern in patients with SBP admitted to Hepatology Unit at Mansoura Specialized Medical Hospital. This study included 400 patients with liver cirrhosis, ascites and clinical picture suggestive of SBP. All patients suspected to paracentesis. The aspirated fluid was examined for total leucocyte count and bacterial culture. 179 patients (58.3 %) out of 400 SBP patients were found to have Culture Negative Neutrocytic Ascitis (CNNA) while were 128(41.7%) patients had positive cultures. The causative microorganism was found to be E coli which was found in 57 patients (44%), staph. aureus in 32 patients (25%) and then K pneuminiae found in 20 patients (16%) finally strept pneumoniae in 19 patients (15%) of culture positive patients. Amoxicillin and Clavulanic acid (AMC) were the most sensitive antibiotic to be used as an oral antibiotics giving 92% sensitivity on all the detected bacteria.

The current standard of treatment for HCV is the combination of pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV). Response to therapy is influenced by different factors related to virus or host characteristics. In this study we detected HCV genotype in some patients with chronic HCV infection-who received interferon plus ribavirin therapy and evaluating some risk factors in early resistance to treatment. These risk factors included age, gender, ALT& AST levels, HCV viral load & genotype. This study included 60 patients with chronic HCV infection and subjected to PEG-INF plus RBV therapy. 40 (gp I) had developed resistance after 12 weeks; while group II are the responders. on comparing patients in group I n = 40 (who developed resistance) to patients in group 2, no = 20 (responders), it has been found that the most important risk factors for developing resistance are the increased viral load of HCV-RNA, and AST.HCV-genotype as a risk factor was significantly higher among cases with genotype 1 and 4 and P value was 0.004. This was followed by ALT and AFP as risk factors with P value 0.004 for each and age with P value 0.026. However, regarding sex of the patients there was no significant difference between group I and II. In conclusion: the most frequent HCV genotype in resistant group were genotype I and IV, while in responder patient were genotype 2 & 3. The most important risk factor in this study is viral load and HCV genotype.

Background: Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for end-stage kidney diseases. Lifelong immunosuppression preserves graft function. However, they usually lead to severe viral infections; as Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) which lead to development Post Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders (PTLD). Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare between serological and molecular assays as methods of detection of EBV infection. Presumed risk factors for development of EBV infection and its impact on transplant outcome were studied. Patients and Methods: A total of 50 Egyptian kidney transplant recipients received their renal allografts from living-related donors were studied. Recipients were tested for EBV infection by serological markers; anti-EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgM and molecular assay by detection BamHI region by PCR. Different co-morbid risk factors for development of EBV infection (pre-transplant hemodialysis & blood transfusion, diabetes mellitus, CMV, and HCV infection) were studied. Likewise, the impact of EBV infection on transplant outcomes was evaluated. Results: Of the 50 patients, 66% were positive for VCA IgM and 42% were positive BamHI region of EBV. BamHI positivity was significantly correlated with duration of transplantation, and severity of rejections episodes. On the other hand, none of these risk factors were correlated with the positivity of VCA IgM. Among the studied recipients, EBV infection detected by either serological or molecular assay has no impact on the transplant outcome. Conclusions: Although serological diagnosis for EBV infection is a simple method for screening and follow-up. Yet, molecular diagnosis seems to be more accurate diagnostic test.

No abstract

No abstract