Currently, CO2 emissions from the peat is a global problem. Particularly, it is caused by biodegradation of dry peat or peat fire. In the northern coast of Bengkalis island, peat is flowing out due to coastal erosion, and mangrove tidal flat is formed the west coast by peat. The core samples of the mangrove have been confirmed that the clay layer and the peat layer are in mutual layers, and decomposition was inhabited because these sandwiched peat soils was an anoxic state. In the northern part of the Bengkalis island, peat is sandwiched in the clay layer. Biodegradation can be suppressed by being sandwiched, there is a possibility of suppressing the amount of peat decomposed by providing a place to store peat in tidal flats. In this research, we examined the degree of decomposition of peat accumulated in the mangrove tidal flats and confirmed that decomposition was suppressed for the peat soils in the tidal flat under mangrove trees, we call it “sandwich effect”. The peat materials in deeper layer came from originally peat swamp forest, however, the surface organic materials were thought to be come from mangrove materials. Considering the change from 1988 to 2015, the carbon fixation rate by mangrove is 1.7 × 103 tC km-2 yr-1, the carbon accumulation rate by accumulation of secondary deposition of peat was 7.4×103 tC km-2 yr-1.
Erosion area, volume and particulate organic carbon emission to the ocean were calculated by the coastal erosion of the Bengkalis Island, Indonesia. In the Bengkalis Island, total of 741 ha peatland has lost from 1998 to 2013. The erosion rate of the coast is almost double in recent 5 years. Annual total of 2.6 Mm 3 of the peat and 1.2 Mm 3 of the clay have been eroded to the ocean. Annual particulate organic carbon loss from the Bengkalis Island was at the maximum of 0.13 Tg. Also, groundwater emission to the coastal area was enhanced by making constructed water way.
<p>Coastal erosion is one of the new but serious problems in the coastal tropical peatlands of Riau. &#160;This coastal erosion occurs on the Malacca Strait side of the peatland in Sumatra Island and fringed small islands. &#160;This coastal erosion is a combination of peat collapse, or bog burst. &#160;The study area is located on Bengkalis Island, Riau Province, Republic of Indonesia. &#160;The region is located at 1.6 degrees north latitude and 102 degrees east longitude and has a tropical rainforest climate. &#160;Temporary UAV observations of the coastal areas of Benkalis Island were carried out, and chemical analysis of peat core samples was performed at several points to estimate carbon storage. &#160;As a result of observation, the annual carbon emission per coastline from coastal peatland is estimated to be 7.8-10tCm<sup>-1</sup>. &#160;We also used the Sentinel-1 image to assess the number of peaty debris fans appearing as a result of the bog bursts. &#160;The appearance of peaty debris fans showed a clear increase with increasing precipitation.</p>
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