El éxito de las relaciones sentimentales adolescentes estará determinado por el dominio de ciertas habilidades de carácter bidireccional que requieren del desarrollo individual e interpersonal, tales como habilidades para el inicio de la relación, para ser asertivo y decir no, para la autorrevelación, para el apoyo emocional y para la gestión de conflictos. Para analizar la percepción que los y las adolescentes tienen sobre sus propias habilidades -denominadas en conjunto como Competencia Sentimental- en el momento de iniciar sus primeras relaciones, 520 adolescentes (49% chicos) de 13-19 años participaron en este estudio. Los resultados señalaron un nivel medio en la percepción de competencia sentimental siendo la habilidad de autorrevelación la que obtenía las menores puntuaciones y la habilidad de dar apoyo emocional las más altas. Los distintos comportamientos que configuran cada dimensión permitieron analizarlas en detalle. La variable sexo apenas demostró diferencias significativas. La edad indicó ser una variable que incidía en la mayoría de las dimensiones, contribuyendo al desarrollo de la competencia sentimental. Los resultados de este estudio descriptivo subrayan la necesidad de apoyar a los y las jóvenes en su proceso de maduración sentimental y de desarrollo competencial para la formación de relaciones sentimentales ajustadas y de calidad.
Adolescent courtship is emerging as an important developmental process which impacts social balance and adjustment in the teenage years. Both the cultural context and different individual competencies seem to determine the success or failure of this process. However, there is little research focusing on the direct relationship between interpersonal skills and adolescent courtship, possibly due to the lack of suitable instruments to measure it. This study takes this process further by adapting a multifactorial measurement of Interpersonal Competence to the framework of adolescent courtship (Adolescent Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire for Courtship (AICQc)), and by analyzing these skills according to gender and age. A total of 1584 adolescents (48.9% girls and 51.1% boys) between the ages of 12 and 17 who were in compulsory secondary education participated in the study. Based on the factor model proposed by Buhrmester et al., the Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed the validity of the instrument and a high internal consistency for five independent domains of competence: (a) initiating relationships; (b) assertiveness and the ability to say no; (c) self-disclosure; (d) providing emotional support; and (e) resolving conflicts. Age, as measured by the school year, was found to be a key factor in this regard. The results are discussed in terms of assessing interpersonal competence for relationships. There has been little research into this type of interpersonal competence and it is a key factor in facing the important developmental task for first-time couples of choosing a partner and managing adolescent courtship.
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