La industria en general y los puertos en particular están derivando hacia procesos 4.0. El uso de nuevas tecnologías y pautas de mercado son las herramientas principales para el éxito de estos procesos. Los retos actuales del sector portuario pasan por desarrollar puertos Smart cuyas características principales se definen por la digitalización y la sincromodalidad. Solo ellas permiten determinar un nuevo escenario en el que es posible plantear la Estrategia del Océano Azul, dejando de lado la competencia y se buscando una nueva demanda. El creciente desarrollo de técnicas digitales y su implantación a los procesos portuarios de gestión y transporte, hace posible que esta estrategia sea viable en una dimensión aún mayor. La conclusión general de la investigación es que es que posible aplicar estrategias de mercado al sector portuario español con una metodología diferente a la empleada hasta el momento. Se observa que los puertos españoles aún tienen un largo camino que recorrer en materia de sostenibilidad, entendida en tres dimensiones: económica, social, y ambiental
The fourth industrial revolution is characterized by a high level of digitalization of systems and processes. This revolution has reached the Spanish ports. They have been investing for years in the implementation of new technologies, aimed at promoting sustainability and environmental quality, as well as seeking a more efficient and orderly logistics. Ports are moving towards their digital transformation, which is materialized in the well-known Ports 4.0. These intelligent ports, or Smart Ports, cover a multitude of aspects and variables. Automation, digitalization, technologies that allow interoperability, transparency, decentralization, and customer experience define the context of the application of the concept 'Ports 4.0' to the Spanish logistics-port sector. How to achieve a satisfactory digitization process that allows progress towards Port 4.0 in the Spanish port system is one of the questions being raised recently. The Spanish port world could be represented by a red ocean, since in a very generalist way it can be said that it is a marked described by a fierce competition lacking in differentiation. Therefore, with this proposal, the aim is to take the Spanish port system to a blue ocean, where a suitable strategy and innovation generate leaps in value that make competitors irrelevant because customers compare different products and services. To be able to respond to this, the Blue Ocean Strategy is planted, leaving aside the competition between ports and generating new demand. From the study carried out, it is concluded that Spanish ports still have a long way to go in terms of sustainability. It also concludes that a new management model would mean the innovation in value that is necessary for the process towards ports 4.0.
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