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The present study conducted a genetic characterization and determined growth rate and biomass production in solid and liquid media, using strains obtained from wild edible sporomes of Lyophyllum that grow in high mountains. Vegetative isolation was used to obtain a total of four strains, which were divided into two clades within the section Difformia: Lyophyllum sp. and Lyophyllum aff. shimeji. Growth rate and biomass production were influenced by both the culture media and the strains. In a potato dextrose agar medium, the strains presented a higher growth rate, while in a malt extract-peptone and yeast agar medium, the growth rate was lower, but with a higher biomass production that was equal to that in the malt extract-peptone and yeast liquid medium.

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The Great Curassow (Crax rubra) is a Neotropical bird with a wide distribution; it is classified under different threat categories and is listed as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. The Official Mexican Standard, the NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, indicates that the Great Curassow is a threatened species, and the subspecies Crax rubra griscomi, which is restricted to the island of Cozumel, is classified as critically endangered. Habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting, overexploitation, and illegal trade are among the main factors that have placed the bird at an endangered status. The objective of the present study was to determine the genetic structure and variation of the species within the Mexican populations of Crax rubra by using three mitochondrial markers, and one nuclear marker (COI, ND2, Cyt b, and MUSK). We used 47 samples obtained by noninvasive collection (feathers) including the two different color phases of the female plumage: dark brown and barred (rare in Mexico). Gene flow between the remaining populations is recent and extensive, even between the continental and the island population (C. r. griscomi). The results indicate that the subspecies C. r. rubra and C. r. griscomi do not present a marked genetic differentiation because the second exhibits an exclusive haplotype and a shared haplotype. With this study, we provide the first genetic-geographic approximation of the curassow in Mexico, where a gradual geographic differentiation is observed between the western and eastern populations of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and we provide a baseline for future studies. Finally, the information obtained indicates that important genetic diversity persists in the Mexican populations of the Great Curassow and that sufficient conservation within the ecosystems of these subspecies can be obtained by protecting them from overexploitation and by conserving and restoring their habitat.

Helvella lacunosa is a species complex, with Helvella lacunosa s.s. not currently distributed in America. The objective of this study was to resolve the taxonomy of specimens from central Mexico identified as Helvella lacunosa s.l. associated with Abies religiosa forests. The nuclear ITS and LSU regions were PCR-amplified and sequenced from dry herbaria specimens. Phylogenetic analyses were based on Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference approaches. Sequences of Helvella from A. religiosa forests grouped into a well-supported lineage within the North American clade together with Helvella dryophila (associated with Quercus in western USA) and Helvella vespertina (associated with conifer forests in western USA). Therefore, we describe and illustrate Helvella jocatoi as a new species based on phylogeny and morphological traits. In central Mexico, this taxon is an edible mushroom known as “gachupín”, has high cultural importance and is sold in large quantities. The description of this new species restricted to A. religiosa forests has implications for its conservation since its habitat is endangered.

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