Educational interventions designed to improve the recognition and management of patient deterioration can improve learner outcomes when they incorporate medium to high-fidelity simulation. High-fidelity simulation has demonstrated effectiveness when delivered in brief sessions lasting only forty minutes. In situ simulation has demonstrated sustained positive impact upon the real world implementation of rapid response systems. Outcome measures should include knowledge and skill developments but there are important benefits in understanding patient outcomes.

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Background: 'Horizontal violence' refers to hostile, aggressive, or harmful behaviour between peers. Nurse educators and managers who support newly qualified nurses should be aware of horizontal violence in the workplace when directed towards this professional group. The prevalence of horizontal violence in newly qualified nurses has not been subject to a systematic review. Aim: The aim of this systematic review was to estimate prevalence of horizontal violence in newly qualified nurses in their first year of practice. Methods: A systematic search was undertaken with the following databases on October 2018: AMED, CINAHL, CENTRAL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, ERIC and PsychINFO. An updated search was undertaken on August 12, 2020. Observational and experimental studies were included. Two researchers independently completed title, abstract and full-text screening. Nine studies were finally included in the review. Risk of bias was determined using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Findings.: Included studies were cross-sectional in design and horizontal violence was determined using nine different self-report measures. Reported rates of horizontal violence ranged from 7% to 73%. All included studies were rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Discussion: The broad range of prevalence estimates is likely explained by the use of different measures in included studies and the sources of bias. It is unclear if horizontal violence is common in nurses in their first year of practice. Further research that addresses the sources of bias we have identified is justified. Conclusion: There is considerable variation in prevalence estimates of horizontal violence in nurses in their first year of practice

Rationale Aims and Objectives Horizontal violence has been defined as aggressive or hostile behaviour directed at an individual or between colleagues from the same working group. Measuring the prevalence of horizontal violence requires valid measures. To date, there has not been a review of the psychometric properties of available measurement tools for horizontal violence. Method A rapid review of the MEDLINE and BUSINESS EBSCO databases was conducted to identify studies testing the validity of any measure of horizontal violence in any workplace setting. Title and abstract and full‐text screening, data extraction and quality appraisal were completed by two researchers working independently. The COnsensus‐based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) was used to determine the methodological quality of studies, including details of the psychometric properties of included papers. Results Fourteen papers reporting 17 studies were included in the review. Seven measures of horizontal violence (Civility Norms Questionnaire Brief; Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised; Inventory of Violence and Psychological Harassment; Leyman Inventory Psychological Terror Mobbing of Single Cases of Harassment in Employees Relations; Shortened Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised; Uncivil Workplace Behaviour Questionnaire) were identified. Most included studies were methodologically robust. Six measures had strong psychometric properties except for the Mobbing of Single Cases of Harassment in Employees Relations (MSCH) where key information about psychometric properties was not reported. Conclusions We identified six measures of horizontal violence that had good psychometric properties. The Negative Acts Questionnaire—Revised has been most extensively tested in different settings but is not necessarily a more precise measure than others.

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