RESUMENEl objetivo fue medir los niveles de minerales en hígado y en sangre de ovinos alimentados con altos niveles de pollinaza. Se consideraron dos grupos experimentales, un grupo tratado (vientres ovinos que consumieron pollinaza por al menos tres años) y un grupo testigo (corderos en engorda que no consumieron pollinaza). Se sacrificaron al azar seis animales de cada grupo (n=6), previo al sacrificio se colectaron las muestras sanguíneas, y posteriormente se tomaron muestras de tejido hepático. Los minerales analizados fueron cobre (Cu), hierro (Fe) y zinc (Zn). En el grupo tratado, las concentraciones en hígado de Cu, Fe y Zn fueron de 176.23, 9.58, y 72.63 mg/L, respectivamente; mientras que en el grupo testigo fueron de 85.35, 13.41 y 112.0 mg/L, respectivamente. Las determinaciones de Cu del grupo tratado fueron superiores tanto en hígado como sangre (p<0.05). Sin embargo, a pesar del tiempo de exposición al consumo de pollinaza, los animales no presentaron signos de intoxicación por cobre, lo que pudo estar condicionado por la baja concentración del mineral en las excretas avícolas.
Introduction: Rhynchophorus palmarum L. is the most destructive pest in Cocos nucifera plantations in Mexico. Objective: To estimate the cost-benefit of collecting R. palmarum by trapping in two coconut genotypes and to determine the correlation of trapping with environmental factors. Materials and methods: R. palmarum insects were captured on the genotypes ‘Alto Pacífico ecotipo 2’ (AP) and ‘Enano-Verde de Brasil’ (EVB) for one year. Five types of traps were used (BT = bucket type, TCT = trash can type, GT = gallon type, CSAT = Colegio Superior de Agricultura Tropical, BT = bottle type). Trapping was counted weekly, and the cost-benefit of trapping was determined. Trapping was analyzed with quasi-Poisson distribution, deviancy analysis and least significant difference. Trapping correlation with climate variables was determined with the Spearman’s coefficient. Results and discussion: A total of 3 414 insects were captured in AP. TCT and CSAT were the most effective (P < 0.014) with 40.3 % and 32.7 % of the total adults, respectively; they also had the best cost-benefit, 4.3 MXN and 5.5 MXN per insect, respectively. In EVB, 3.56 times more insects were captured (4 799) compared to AP with a 29.6:6.4 ratio, using GT. In both orchards, the correlations of climate variables with trapping were weak (less than 50 %); relative humidity was the most highly correlated, but negative. Conclusions: The efficiency of traps and their cost-benefit will allow growers to determine which trap to use for mechanical and ethological (aggregation pheromone) control of R. palmarum
Species of the genus Dioscorea are widely distributed throughout the world. It is a resource used in different countries because theyproduce tubers that offer numerous benefits for human health due to their diosgenin content, a compound that is used as: anti-inflammatory, androgenic, estrogenic and in the preparation of contraceptive drugs; It is also mentioned that these compounds havecytotoxic, antitumor, antifungal, immunoregulatory, hypoglycemic and cardiovascular properties, they are also used for theprevention and treatment of degenerative diseases. Species such as Dioscorea bulbifera, Dioscorea cayenensis, Dioscorea colletii,Dioscorea deltoidea, Dioscorea futschauensis, Dioscorea nipponica, Dioscorea panthaica, Dioscorea parviflora, Dioscoreapolygonoides, Dioscorea pseudojaponica, Dioscorea spongiosa, Dioscorea villosa, Dioscorea composita, Dioscorea zingiberensis,produce a higher concentration of diosgenin. The tubers and roots of this group are part of the oldest foods consumed by humans,given their high nutritional, ecological and economic level. In many tropical countries, the use of various tubers and roots of thegenus Dioscorea play a very important role as a main source of energy and essential nutrients at low cost, they are also used asfodder for livestock and a source of income. This plant are rich in starch, vitamins, minerals and lipids, and have the potential tofight hunger in third world countries. Currently there is little or no knowledge in Mexico on how to cultivate these species.
The piquín chili is a plant genetic resource with great potential for culinary nutrition and vitamin supply for consumer countriessuch as Mexico. Its study at the molecular level represents a possibility of differentiating the existing ecotypes in each region whereit is produced or where it is consumed. Due to the great morphological variability that it presents, the molecular characterization ofchili as a plant genetic resource represents obtaining the characteristics from the genetic point of view. This is necessary for theidentification of promising genotypes for genetic improvement in addition to documentation of the gene pool. In the present work, apreliminary study was carried out to identify piquín chili ecotypes from nine states of the republic, using the molecular markerISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeats). The results obtained provide information on the ability of molecular markers to detectdifferences in ecotypes, which correspond to the different collection regions.
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