Adverse events are potentially associated with an IgG response after the BNT162b2 vaccination for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. In this study, we investigated the side effects of BNT162b2 vaccination using a health questionnaire and examined its relationship with IgG antibody titers. Serum samples were collected from participants 3 months after the second vaccination, just before the third vaccination, and 1 and 3 months after the third vaccination. A total of 505 participants who received three doses of vaccination were eligible for analysis. The results showed that postvaccination body temperature correlated with anti-spike-receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD) antibody titers analyzed 3 months after the second (r = 0.30, p < 0.001) and third (r = 0.14, p < 0.001) vaccinations. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that age and severe swelling were negatively associated with log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels, whereas sex (female), body temperature, and heat sensation were positively associated after the second vaccination. After the third vaccination, body temperature, and fatigue were positively associated with log-transformed anti-S-RBD antibody levels, and sex (female) was negatively associated. These results indicate that post-vaccination fever may be a marker of increased antibody titer.
Background: The mechanism of high transfer coefficients of the lungs for carbon monoxide (Kco) in non-smokers with asthma is explained by the redistribution of blood flow to the area with preserved ventilation, to match the ventilation perfusion.Objectives: To examine whether ventilation heterogeneity, assessed by pulmonary function tests, is associated with computed tomography (CT)-based vascular indices and Kco in patients with asthma.Methods: Participants were enrolled from the Hokkaido-based Investigative Cohort Analysis for Refractory Asthma (Hi-CARAT) study that included a prospective asthmatic cohort. Pulmonary function tests including Kco, using single breath methods; total lung capacity (TLC), using multiple breath methods; and CT, were performed on the same day. The ratio of the lung volume assessed using single breath methods (alveolar volume; VA) to that using multiple breath methods (TLC) was calculated as an index of ventilation heterogeneity. The volume of the pulmonary small vessels <5 mm2 in the whole lung (BV5 volume), and number of BV5 at a theoretical surface area of the lungs from the plural surface (BV5 number) were evaluated using chest CT images.Results: The low VA/TLC group (the lowest quartile) had significantly lower BV5 number, BV5 volume, higher BV5 volume/BV5 number, and higher Kco compared to the high VA/TLC group (the highest quartile) in 117 non-smokers, but not in 67 smokers. Multivariable analysis showed that low VA/TLC was associated with low BV5 number, after adjusting for age, sex, weight, lung volume on CT, and CT emphysema index in non-smokers (not in smokers).Conclusion: Ventilation heterogeneity may be associated with low BV5 number and high Kco in non-smokers (not in smokers). Future studies need to determine the dynamic regional system in ventilation, perfusion, and diffusion in asthma.
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