The authors report clinical studies on lumbar disorders (clinical symptoms, X-ray findings) in athletes in various sports. The sport items were divided into three groups according to the main dynamic load applied to the lumbar region. As a result, over 60% of the athletes suffered from "lumbago", and among them spondylolysis reached the high rate of 27%. Arising from these clinical observations, we performed biomechanical laboratory analyses on human cadaver material, axial compression and rotational bending. Our results suggest that the incidence of spondylolysis depends upon the extent and direction of the loads. INTRODUCTIONThe spinal column plays an essential role in active movement as well as in supporting the head and trunk. The main burden is on the lower lumbar vertebrae because they support the heavy trunk in its straight upright stance and provide balance in various directional movements. As a result, it is widely known that the lower lumbar vertebrae are susceptible to severe orthopaedic disorders.

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