Introduction: In this review, cases of herpes zoster (HZ) infection following receipt of COVID-19 vaccines will be analyzed. We also present two cases of oral HZ following the COVID-19 vaccine and discuss this clinical anatomy.Materials and Methods: A database search using PubMed was conducted in August 2021 and 20 articles were found to be eligible for review. Patient data and vaccine information were analyzed. In addition, two cases of oral HZ infection following the receipt of COVID-19 vaccines are presented.Results: A total of 399 cases were identified. The affected dermatomes mimicked the regular distribution of HZ. For the dermatomes of the face, the various reports used different ways to describe the areas involved; CNV, CNV1, CNV2, CNV3, lower jaw, forehead, and under the eyebrow (CNV, 2 cases; CNV1, 4 cases; CNV2, 3 cases; and CNV3, 3 cases). Some patients who had a history of varicella zoster virus vaccination had HZ following the COVID-19 vaccination. Two patients with oral HZ following vaccination were found to have involvement of the greater palatine nerve.Conclusions: Vaccine-related HZ cases have been reported worldwide. Although many studies with a larger number of cases are ongoing, detailed information can be obtained from case reviews as reported herein.
Recently, two cases of oral herpes zoster (HZ) following COVID-19 vaccines were reported. It was suggested that COVID-19 vaccine-related oral HZ cases might be missed or misdiagnosed as stomatitis or isolated oral herpes. In this report, five cases of oral HZ following COVID-19 vaccinations are presented. Four cases were observed on the hard palate (V2), and one case was found on the mandible (V3). Four patients did not receive any treatment for their oral HZ, but one patient also had skin reactions on her right orbit and ear and was thus treated with an antiviral drug. As these cases were seen during such a short period of time and in one practice, the relationship with the COVID-19 vaccination appears to be related.
High-intensity laser therapy (HILT) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) are two types of laser treatment. According to recent clinical reports, PBMT promotes wound healing after trauma or surgery. In addition, basic research has revealed that cell differentiation, proliferation, and activity and subsequent tissue activation and wound healing can be promoted. However, many points remain unclear regarding the mechanisms for wound healing induced by PBMT. Therefore, in this review, we present an example from our study of HILT and PBMT irradiation of tooth extraction wounds using two types of lasers with different characteristics (diode laser and carbon dioxide laser). Then, the effects of PBMT on the wound healing of bone tissues are reviewed from histological, biochemical, and cytological perspectives on the basis of our own study of the extraction socket as well as studies by other researchers. Furthermore, we consider the feasibility of treatment in which PBMT irradiation is applied to stem cells including dental pulp stem cells, the theme of this Special Issue, and we discuss research that has been reported on its effect.
Objective: To evaluate the healing of open upper lip vermillion wounds irradiated with CO 2 laser immediately after injury. Background: There are reports of using CO 2 laser therapy on healed wounds for scar tissue reduction. However, limited data exist regarding its use immediately after an injury. Thus, the role of CO 2 laser in wound healing remains unclear. Methods: Two patients with open upper lip vermillion wounds were treated using CO 2 laser irradiation to the area postsuturing. Results: Good functional and aesthetic results were obtained from the therapy, with no postoperative pain complaints or infection. Conclusions: CO 2 laser irradiation, performed immediately after an injury, could be an effective treatment option for open vermillion wounds.
Purpose To investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) with a CO2 laser (Bel Laser, Takara Belmont, CO. Ltd., Osaka, Japan; wavelength 10.6 μm) (tissue surface absorption effects) in conjunction with mouth opening training in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Methods This is a retrospective study on TMD patients with pre- and post-treatment assessments. The study included 36 patients (7 men and 29 women, mean age 58.2 years (SD 18.3)) (after excluding 4 patients due to dropouts, loss to follow up or refusal of treatment) with symptoms of pain and muscle tenderness during mouth opening. Treatment included Amfenac sodium (50 mg per day, thrice daily after meals) for 1–2 weeks for acute symptoms. Based on the diagnostic criteria for TMD, we identified the trigger point (muscle contracture site). We implemented muscle massage and stretching therapy as mouth opening training after PBMT. The laser irradiance conditions were as follows: output 1.5 W, on time 0.01 s, off time 0.05 s, and repeat pulse. Distance between the laser source and the skin was approximately 10 cm; irradiation time was 3 min (approximately 56.9 J/cm2). Mouth opening training involved massaging the areas of muscle contracture that were the trigger points, as well as muscle stretching to improve temporomandibular joint flexibility. One PBMT cycle and mouth opening training was conducted per week for four cycles. We determined the effects before and after intervention. A numeric rating scale (NRS; range 0–10) was used to evaluate pain, and maximum mouth opening (MMO) capacity was also assessed. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results The mean (SD) pain levels, as determined via NRS, were 4.9(3.6) and 2.7 (3.0) (p < 0.001), before and after four treatment cycles, respectively. The mean (SD) of MMO was 39.6 (5.9) and 44.6 mm (4.8) (p < 0.001), before and after treatment, respectively. Conclusion The current study suggests that PBMT using a CO2 laser combined with mouth opening training is effective for the treatment of temporomandibular disorders.
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