The MHD effects on a heat transfer of liquid lithium flowing in an annular channel were studied, using a newly constructed comparatively large-scale lithium loop. The data on the heat transfer characteristics were arranged in N u-St diagrams where St=Ha 2 /Re. The diagrams indicate that N u decreases as St increases as a whole trend. However, singular peaks of N u were observed at about St=13, corresponding to the singular increments of temperature fluctuations, whereas the peaks occurred at St=1.5 in the previous experiment with a smaller channel. In considering a predominant MHD effect due to conductive wall duct, the current load factor K P for external circuit was taken into account. And Miyazaki number Mi=K P St, which means the effective electromagnetic interaction, was adopted in substitution for St and the heater pin diameter was taken as the characteristic length in place of the conventional hydraulic equivalent diameter.Thus, an appreciably good agreement was obtained concerning the peaks at Mi=0.13 in the previous and at Mi=0.14 in the present experiments. Generation of vortex series in the singular phenomena was suggested from both the periodicity of temperature fluctuations in their PSD analysis and the proportionality between peak frequency and mean flow velocity, resulting in a 32 mm interval length of series.
The MHD effects on a heat transfer of liquid lithium flowing in an annular channel were studied, using a newly constructed comparatively large-scale lithium loop. The data on the heat transfer characteristics were arranged in N u-St diagrams where St=Ha 2 /Re. The diagrams indicate that N u decreases as St increases as a whole trend. However, singular peaks of N u were observed at about St=13, corresponding to the singular increments of temperature fluctuations, whereas the peaks occurred at St=1.5 in the previous experiment with a smaller channel. In considering a predominant MHD effect due to conductive wall duct, the current load factor K P for external circuit was taken into account. And Miyazaki number Mi=K P St, which means the effective electromagnetic interaction, was adopted in substitution for St and the heater pin diameter was taken as the characteristic length in place of the conventional hydraulic equivalent diameter.Thus, an appreciably good agreement was obtained concerning the peaks at Mi=0.13 in the previous and at Mi=0.14 in the present experiments. Generation of vortex series in the singular phenomena was suggested from both the periodicity of temperature fluctuations in their PSD analysis and the proportionality between peak frequency and mean flow velocity, resulting in a 32 mm interval length of series.
A three-dimensional simulation code which calculates wave propagation, plasma transport, and gas phase chemical reactions self-consistently in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma reactor has been developed. The code is designed to treat the three-dimensional inhomogeneity with a reasonable accuracy in a realistic configuration of the reactor within an acceptable computational time using common computer resources. The profiles of electromagnetic wave fields and the temporal evolution of plasma parameters and radical densities in a bounded, inhomogeneous, cylindrical system have been calculated. The code can resolve azimuthal asymmetry of the plasma associated with a rectangular waveguide coupling or an asymmetric injection of reactive gases as well as the radial and axial variations.
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