SUMMARYA combination of forced-and natural-convection heat transfer from upward-facing horizontal heated flat plates is modelled by a phenomenological method considering thermal release due to instability of the thermal boundary layer. This model is shown to be able to explain the phenomena in heat transfer characteristics from exclusively forced convection to mixed convection and further from mixed convection to pure natural convection.
Heat and fluid flow in a layer heated from the bottom and the sidewalls simulating an underground LNG tank is experimentally studied under high Rayleigh number (7.5 × 10 10 < Ra < 1.5 × 10
13) conditions by electrochemical mass transfer technique. The experiment yielded the following results. When sidewalls are heated, the heat transfer along the bottom surface is reduced. Heat transfer along sidewalls is independent of bottom heating, and is modeled by an equation for laminar natural convection flow even for Ra > 10 9 . Convective flow pattern in the tank is visualized by the Schlieren technique. The results, combined with local mass transfer measurement, show that Sh of the bottom surface is reduced in the area where impinging downward flow exists. It is caused by the suppression of thermal plume formation by the downward flow.
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