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Anionic copolymerizations of acrylonitrile (monomer 1) with β‐propiolactone (monomer 2) and the structures of the resulting copolymers were studied. The copolymerization with sodium cyanide in N,N‐dimethylformamide gave copolymers of the structure I containing acid anhydride linkage in the molecular chains, with the monomer reactivity ratios, r1 = 1.20, r2 = 0.00. The copolymerization with potassium hydroxide gave either copolymers of the structure II (r1 = 0.00, r2 = 3.64 at 30°C; r1 = 0.00, r2 = 5.00 at 40°C) in N,N‐dimethylformamide or only β‐propiolactone homopolymer in toluene.

This study is aimed at clarifying how Kobe City, Japan's pioneering city in the field of disaster preparedness, has worked to establish water and greenery networks in an advanced approach. It examines how the function of water and greenery networks has changed over time depending on the needs of the times and what strategies have been taken to improve certain areas. The study covers the "Master Plan for Parks and Open Spaces" that was drawn up in 1985, the "Green Basic Plan 2000" that was formulated after the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in 1995, and the recently-revised "Green Basic Plan 2011".The result showed that at the regional level, only the 2000 plan drawn up after the 1995 disaster dealt with water and greenery networks from a wide perspective covering the entire region. At the area level, the urban area has grown into a densely populated area, despite having undergone the natural disasters. The urban area was devastated by the 1995 Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake that occurred directly underneath. In each plan, therefore, concrete planning and strategies were described regarding networking elements, their locations, and connecting methods. The 2000 plan was the first to have indicated the disaster prevention green axes systematically from the viewpoint of urban disaster prevention for the urban area and its vicinities. The 2011 plan provided concrete strategies for the disaster prevention green axes that were systematized in the 2000 plan, in consideration of their unique features.

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：In this study, we investigated the greenery management of prefectural regional parks all over Japan in 2012, 8years after the introduction of a designated administration system, to understand how greenery of prefectural regional parks should be effectively managed under this system. Questionnaires were sent to 173 regional parks, and valid responses were obtained from 84 regional parks. According to the result, the followings were clarified. (1) The designated administrators including landscape/ gardening experts occupied 69.0% and those not including landscape/gardening experts occupied 31.0%. (2) The designated administrators including landscape/gardening experts gave a better promotion for collaboration with resident by using flowers management and collaboration in planning and conducting nature and environmental learning programs than those not including landscape/gardening experts. (3) According to greenery maintenance, it was revealed that the designated administrators including landscape/gardening experts were highly likely to make a mid-or long-term program, including landscape formation, and accumulated technical know-how on green maintenance. Keywords：designated administration system, regional parks, greenery management, maintenance of trees and woods, volunteer groups, resident participation キーワード：指定管理者制度，広域公園，植物管理，樹木・樹林管理，ボランティア団体，住民参画