Alternative fuels reduce the carbon footprint of internal combustion engines. Biofuels are the most important alternative fuels. Manufacturing processes for biofuels have made it possible to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from well to wheel. There are a number of popular alternative fuels for use in internal combustion (IC) engines, including biodiesel, bioethanol, and bio methanol. Biodiesel and petroleum diesel fuel blends in compression ignition (CI) engines have received a lot of attention. Biofuel is any liquid fuel derived from "biomass," such as plants and animal waste. Biofuels replace gasoline and diesel. Biofuels are promising because the carbon dioxide (CO2) they emit is recycled through the environment. Biofuel plants collect CO2 from the air and release it when burned. In principle, biofuels can be a "carbon neutral" or "carbon negative" means to power automobiles, trucks, and planes. Biofuels can reduce CO2 emissions without requiring many infrastructural changes. They can be used in existing cars and mass-produced from biomass like chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Future biofuels may be moved using current pipelines. Making carbon-neutral biofuels is difficult. Fermentation, processing energy, transportation, and even plant nutrients can produce CO2 and other greenhouse gases before biofuels are consumed. Biomass agriculture can have climate consequences if it replaces CO2-storing woods. How biofuels are generated and used affects their potential as a climate solution.
For quite some time now, Iraq has witnessed a great shortage, not only in the production of electric power, but even in the distribution system. In addition to this shortage, which exacerbates the problem is the large increase in the population of Iraq, in addition to the great problems that the country has experienced, especially the fierce confrontation with ISIS terrorist gangs, which drained a lot of Iraq’s human and material energies and negatively affected the energy reality in our country, not to mention the All or most of our electric power plants run on heavy fossil fuels and have old technology tracks. Iraq has power shortages, and there are various obstacles that must be solved in order to keep up with projected demand. Based on the results of this study, it appears that solar, wind, and biomass energy are underutilized at now but have the potential to significantly contribute to Iraq's renewable energy future. Wind power offshore in the Gulf (near Basrah in southern Iraq) also has untapped potential that has to be explored. There has been talk about the Iraqi government's efforts to harness green energy. The purpose of this article is to examine and debate the present and future of renewable energy in Iraq. Renewable energy applications such as solar, wind, and biomass have been discussed. Finally, suggestions for making use of various energy sources are provided.
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