Background. Initial reports in adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR) indicate low immunogenicity after 2 doses of the BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We describe the immunogenicity of this vaccine compared to the serologic response in naturally infected COVID-19 positive adolescent and young adult KTR. Methods. For this prospective observational study, the study group included 38 KTR who received 2 doses of the tested vaccine, and the control group included 14 KTR who had a previous polymerase chain reaction–confirmed COVID-19 infection. Results. The mean age was 18 ± 3 y. Positive serologic responses were observed in 63% and 100% of the study and control groups, respectively ( P = 0.01). Antibody titers were almost 30-fold higher in the control than the study group (median [interquartile range (IQR)]: 2782 [1908–11 000] versus 100.3 [4.7–1744] AU/mL, P < 0.001), despite the longer time from the COVID-19 infection to serologic testing compared to time from vaccination (median [IQR]: 157.5 [60–216] versus 37 [20.5–53] d, P = 0.011). Among vaccinated patients, higher proportions of those seronegative than seropositive were previously treated with rituximab (50% versus 8%, P = 0.01). Time from the second vaccine dose to serologic testing was longer in seropositive than seronegative patients (median [IQR]: 24.5 [15–40] versus 46 [27–56] d, P = 0.05). No patient developed symptomatic COVID-19 disease postvaccination. Conclusions. The BNT162b2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccine yielded higher positive antibody response in adolescent and young adult KTR than previously reported for adult KTR. Antibody titers after vaccination were significantly lower than following COVID-19 infection. Longer time may be required to mount appropriate humoral immunity to vaccination in KTR.

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Aim Bronchiolitis is an infectious disease, with no effective treatment. Music and Mozart's works specifically are known to have a positive effect on physiological parameters, while noise is considered harmful. We aim to evaluate the short‐term effect of environmental noise detachment and/or music listening on the course of bronchiolitis in hospitalised children. Methods This is a prospective, double‐blinded randomised controlled trial. Patients were divided into three intervention groups: 1‐Mozart's Sonata, 2‐instrumental music, 3‐silence. Music was heard via media players and soundproof headphones. Disease severity was evaluated before and after intervention using the Modified Tal score. Results Seventy music sessions were included in the analysis (Mozart n = 23, instrumental n = 22, silence n = 25). A one‐point drop in the average bronchiolitis severity score was observed in all three groups from 7.1 (CI 95%, 5 to 9.2) to 6.1 (CI 95%, 4.3 to 7.9), p < 0.001. No significant difference was found between the three groups with respect to change in the severity score before and after the intervention. Conclusion Isolation from disturbing sounds heard in paediatric departments could be considered a simple non‐invasive intervention in children hospitalised with bronchiolitis. Further studies are warranted to evaluate long‐term effects of this intervention and the specific effect of music.